Abstract: A subsea hot-tapping system, comprising an existing pipeline; a hot-tap body fitted around the pipeline; and a fluid injected between the pipeline and the body. In some embodiments, the system also includes a radial arm cutter, adapted to cut a hole in the existing pipeline.

Abstract: A subsea hot-tapping system, comprising an existing pipeline; a hot-tap body fitted around the pipeline; and a fluid injected between the pipeline and the body. In some embodiments, the system also includes a radial arm cutter, adapted to cut a hole in the existing pipeline.

Abstract: A spar platform is provided comprising an essentially vertical cylindrical buoyant vessel, and a shroud surrounding the essentially vertical cylindrical vessel wherein the shroud comprises two essentially perpendicular intersecting sets of foam-filled fiberglass elements. In a preferred embodiment, the perpendicular intersecting elements form a grid having openings of 0.05 a dimension of between about 0.05 and about 0.35 vessel diameters and wherein each set of elements contains elements where the centerlines of the elements are separated by about 0.06 to about 0.60 vessel diameters. The shroud is preferably fabricated in panels that can be secured to the vessel using standoffs.