Abstract: Apparatus, method and non-transitory computer-readable medium to store computer-readable code for fabrication of an apparatus. The apparatus comprises instruction decode circuitry to decode instructions and processing circuitry to execute the instructions decoded by the instruction decode circuitry.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus is provided. An A×B multiplier array has a group of logic gates clocked by a first clock signal, where A and B are both integers. A C×D multiplier array, separate from the A×B multiplier array, has second group of logic gates clocked by a second clock signal, where C and D are both integers. Addition circuitry performs an addition operation between a first at least partial product produced by the A×B multiplier array and a second at least partial product produced by the C×D multiplier array.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus is provided, which includes addition circuitry that performs a calculation of a sum of a first operand and a second operand. The addition circuitry produces an intermediate data prior to the calculation completing. Determination circuitry uses the intermediate data to produce the sum of the first operand and the second operand plus 1. Further determination circuitry configured to use the intermediate data to produce the sum of the first operand and the second operand plus 2.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a processing circuit and a storage device. The processing circuit is configured to perform one or more processing operations in response to one or more instructions to generate an anchored-data element. The storage device is configured to store the anchored-data element. A format of the anchored-data element includes an identification item, an overlap item, and a data item. The data item is configured to hold a data value of the anchored-data element. The identification item indicates an anchor value for the data value or one or more special values.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises floating-point processing circuitry to perform a floating-point operation with rounding to generate a floating-point result value; and tininess detection circuitry to detect a tininess status indicating whether an outcome of the floating-point operation is tiny. A tiny outcome corresponds to a non-zero number with a magnitude smaller than a minimum non-zero magnitude representable as a normal floating-point number in a floating-point format to be used for the floating-point result value. The tininess detection circuitry comprises hardware circuit logic configured to support both before rounding tininess detection and after rounding tininess detection for detecting the tininess status.

Abstract: Various implementations described herein are directed to providing time-dependent authentication of a sending device. A message to a designated receiver is prepared. A portion of at least one secret identifier value of the sending device is retrieved. A portion of time information is retrieved. An authentication field is produced using the portion of the at least one secret identifier value and the portion of the time information. The authentication field is attached to the message. The message is transmitted to the designated receiver.

Abstract: An apparatus has floating-point multiplying circuitry to perform a floating-point multiply operation to multiply first and second floating-point operands to generate a product floating-point value. Shared hardware circuitry of the floating-point multiplying circuitry is reused to also support a floating-point scaling instruction specifying an input floating-point operand and an integer operand, which causes a floating-point scaling operation to be performed to generate an output floating-point value corresponding to a product of the input floating-point operand and a scaling factor 2X, where X is an integer represented by the integer operand.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a processing circuit and a storage device. The processing circuit is configured to perform one or more processing operations in response to one or more instructions to generate an anchored-data element. The storage device is configured to store the anchored-data element. A format of the anchored-data element includes an identification item, an overlap item, and a data item. The data item is configured to hold a data value of the anchored-data element. The identification item indicates an anchor value for the data value or one or more special values.

Abstract: A floating-point adding circuitry is provided to add first and second floating-point operands each comprising a significand and an exponent. Alignment shift circuitry shifts a smaller-operand significand to align with a larger-operand significand, based on an exponent difference. Incrementing circuitry generates alternative versions of the larger-operand significand, each version based on a different rounding increment applied to the larger-operand significand. A number of candidate sum values are generated by adding circuits, each candidate sum value representing a sum of the shifted smaller-operand significand and a respective one of the alternative versions of the larger-operand significand. One of the candidate sum values is selected as a rounded result of adding the first and second floating-point operands. This allows floating-point addition to be performed faster as the latency of the rounding increment can be hidden in the shadow of the latency of the alignment shift.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for performing an index operation. The apparatus has vector processing circuitry to perform an index operation in each of a plurality of lanes of parallel processing. The index operation requires an index value opm to be multiplied by a multiplier value e to produce a multiplication result. The number of lanes of parallel processing is dependent on a specified element size, and the multiplier value is different, but known, for each lane of parallel processing. The vector processing circuitry comprises mapping circuitry to perform, within each lane, mapping operations on the index value opm in order to generate a plurality of intermediate input values. The plurality of intermediate input values are such that the addition of the plurality of intermediate input values produces the multiplication result. Within each lane the mapping operations are determined by the multiplier value used for that lane.

Abstract: An apparatus has processing circuitry to perform, in response to decoding of an iterative-operation instruction by the instruction decoder, an iterative operation comprising at least two iterations of processing where one iteration depends on an operand generated in a previous iteration. Preliminary information generating circuitry performs a preliminary portion of processing for a given iteration to generate preliminary information. Result generating circuitry performs a remaining portion of processing for the given iteration, to generate a result value using the preliminary information. Forwarding circuitry forwards the result value as an operand for a next iteration of the iterative operation, for iterations other than the final iteration. The preliminary information generating circuitry starts performing the preliminary portion for the next iteration in parallel with the result generating circuitry completing the remaining portion for the current iteration, to improve performance.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided, that includes an instruction decoder responsive to an anchored-data processing instruction, to generate one or more control signals. Conversion circuitry is responsive to the one or more control signals to perform a conversion from a data value to an anchored-data select value. The conversion is based on anchor metadata indicative of a given range of significance for the anchored-data select value. Output circuitry is responsive to the one or more control signals, to write the anchored-data select value to a register.

Abstract: Processing circuitry may support processing of anchor-data values comprising one or more anchored-data elements which represent portions of bits of a two's complement number. The anchored-data processing may depend on anchor information indicating at least one property indicative of a numeric range representable by the result anchored-data element or the anchored-data value. When the operation causes an overflow or an underflow, usage information may be stored indicating a cause of the overflow or underflow and/or an indication of how to update the anchor information and/or number of elements in the anchored-data value to prevent the overflow or underflow. This can support dynamic range adjustment in software algorithms which involve anchored-data processing.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for performing an index operation. The apparatus has vector processing circuitry to perform an index operation in each of a plurality of lanes of parallel processing. The index operation requires an index value opm to be multiplied by a multiplier value e to produce a multiplication result. The number of lanes of parallel processing is dependent on a specified element size, and the multiplier value is different, but known, for each lane of parallel processing. The vector processing circuitry comprises mapping circuitry to perform, within each lane, mapping operations on the index value opm in order to generate a plurality of intermediate input values. The plurality of intermediate input values are such that the addition of the plurality of intermediate input values produces the multiplication result. Within each lane the mapping operations are determined by the multiplier value used for that lane.

Abstract: An apparatus has floating-point multiplying circuitry to perform a floating-point multiply operation to multiply first and second floating-point operands to generate a product floating-point value. Shared hardware circuitry of the floating-point multiplying circuitry is reused to also support a floating-point scaling instruction specifying an input floating-point operand and an integer operand, which causes a floating-point scaling operation to be performed to generate an output floating-point value corresponding to a product of the input floating-point operand and a scaling factor 2X, where X is an integer represented by the integer operand.

Abstract: An apparatus has processing circuitry to perform, in response to decoding of an iterative-operation instruction by the instruction decoder, an iterative operation comprising at least two iterations of processing where one iteration depends on an operand generated in a previous iteration. Preliminary information generating circuitry performs a preliminary portion of processing for a given iteration to generate preliminary information. Result generating circuitry performs a remaining portion of processing for the given iteration, to generate a result value using the preliminary information. Forwarding circuitry forwards the result value as an operand for a next iteration of the iterative operation, for iterations other than the final iteration. The preliminary information generating circuitry starts performing the preliminary portion for the next iteration in parallel with the result generating circuitry completing the remaining portion for the current iteration, to improve performance.

Abstract: A floating-point adding circuitry is provided to add first and second floating-point operands each comprising a significand and an exponent. Alignment shift circuitry shifts a smaller-operand significand to align with a larger-operand significand, based on an exponent difference. Incrementing circuitry generates alternative versions of the larger-operand significand, each version based on a different rounding increment applied to the larger-operand significand. A number of candidate sum values are generated by adding circuits, each candidate sum value representing a sum of the shifted smaller-operand significand and a respective one of the alternative versions of the larger-operand significand. One of the candidate sum values is selected as a rounded result of adding the first and second floating-point operands. This allows floating-point addition to be performed faster as the latency of the rounding increment can be hidden in the shadow of the latency of the alignment shift.

Abstract: Processing circuitry may support processing of anchor-data values comprising one or more anchored-data elements which represent portions of bits of a two's complement number. The anchored-data processing may depend on anchor information indicating at least one property indicative of a numeric range representable by the result anchored-data element or the anchored-data value. When the operation causes an overflow or an underflow, usage information may be stored indicating a cause of the overflow or underflow and/or an indication of how to update the anchor information and/or number of elements in the anchored-data value to prevent the overflow or underflow. This can support dynamic range adjustment in software algorithms which involve anchored-data processing.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided, that includes an instruction decoder responsive to an anchored-data processing instruction, to generate one or more control signals. Conversion circuitry is responsive to the one or more control signals to perform a conversion from a data value to an anchored-data select value. The conversion is based on anchor metadata indicative of a given range of significance for the anchored-data select value. Output circuitry is responsive to the one or more control signals, to write the anchored-data select value to a register.

Abstract: Various implementations described herein are directed to providing time-dependent authentication of a sending device. A message to a designated receiver is prepared. A portion of at least one secret identifier value of the sending device is retrieved. A portion of time information is retrieved. An authentication field is produced using the portion of the at least one secret identifier value and the portion of the time information. The authentication field is attached to the message. The message is transmitted to the designated receiver.