Abstract: An example of an inkjet ink composition includes an aqueous vehicle, a colorant dispersed or dissolved in the aqueous vehicle, silica nanoparticles dispersed in the aqueous vehicle, and modified silica nanoparticles dispersed in the aqueous vehicle. Each modified silica nanoparticle includes a silica core as well as a hydrophobic silane coupling agent attached to the silica core.

Abstract: An inkjet overcoat composition includes an aqueous vehicle. The inkjet overcoat composition also includes modified silica nanoparticles dispersed in the aqueous vehicle and a sugar alcohol dissolved or dispersed in the aqueous vehicle. Each modified silica nanoparticle includes a silica core and a hydrotropic silane coupling agent attached to the silica core.

Abstract: An example of an aqueous inkjet ink includes a wetting package, a co-solvent, a colorant, and a balance of water. The wetting package includes a 1,2-alkanediol having 10 or more carbon atoms, and a free dispersant. Examples of the aqueous inkjet ink may be used in printing methods with a substrate selected from the group consisting of a vinyl substrate, a polyvinylchloride substrate, a stainless steel substrate, a silicon substrate, an acrylic substrate, an acrylate substrate, a polyethylene substrate, and a non-treated polypropylene substrate.

Abstract: An example of an inkjet ink composition includes a pigment, a dispersion synergist, a metal oxide, a polar solvent and water. The pigment is selected from the group consisting of a quinacridone and a phthalocyanine. The dispersion synergist has a structure of the pigment substituted with at least one solubilizing moiety selected from the group consisting of an ionic moiety, a non-ionic moiety, and a combination thereof.

Abstract: An inkjet ink composition includes cellulose nanocrystals and a metal oxide. The cellulose nanocrystals are present in the inkjet ink composition in an amount ranging from 0.5 wt % up to 2 wt %, based on a total weight of the inkjet ink composition, and the metal oxide is present in the inkjet ink composition in an amount ranging from 0.5 wt % up to 7 wt %, based on the total weight of the inkjet ink composition. The inkjet ink composition further includes a pigment, a polar solvent and a balance of water.

Abstract: A black inkjet ink composition includes a carbon black pigment; a dispersion synergist having an aromatic structure substituted with at least one solubilizing moiety selected from the group consisting of an ionic moiety, a non-ionic moiety, and a combination thereof; a polar solvent; and water. A method for making the black inkjet ink composition and a printing method using the same is also disclosed.

Abstract: In a 3D printing method, a first layer of a build material is applied. A part layer is patterned by selectively applying a penetrating liquid functional material (PLFM) on at least a portion of the first layer. The PLFM includes (in amounts by weight based on total wt % of the PLFM): from about 5%-15% of a first metal oxide nanoparticle having a particle size ranging from about 0.5 nm up to 10 nm, from about 0.25%-10% of a second metal oxide nanoparticle having at least one dimension greater than 10 nm, from about 1%-10% of an electromagnetic radiation absorber, from about 5%-50% of an organic solvent, a surfactant, and a balance of water. The first layer having the PLFM applied thereon is exposed to electromagnetic radiation, whereby the portion of the first layer at least partially fuses to form the part layer.

Abstract: A thermal inkjet ink composition includes cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). The cellulose nanocrystals are present in the thermal inkjet ink composition in an amount ranging from 0.5 wt % up to 3.5 wt %, based on a total weight of the thermal inkjet ink composition. The thermal inkjet ink composition further includes a sugar alcohol present in an amount ranging from 3 wt % up to about 8 wt % based on the total weight of the thermal inkjet ink composition, an organic salt present in an amount ranging from about 0.05 wt % to about 0.5 wt % based on the total weight of the thermal inkjet ink composition, a pigment, a polar solvent, and a balance of water.

Abstract: A stabilizing liquid functional material (SLFM) for 3D printing includes ceramic nanoparticles in an amount ranging from about 0.25% to about 5% by weight based on a total SLFM weight and silica nanoparticles present in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight based on the total SLFM weight. The ceramic nanoparticles have a particle size ranging from about 5 nm to about 50 nm. The silica nanoparticles have a particle size ranging from about 10 nm to about 50 nm. The ceramic nanoparticles and the silica nanoparticles are different in composition and/or morphology. An electromagnetic radiation absorber is present in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 10% by weight based on the total SLFM weight. An organic solvent is present in an amount from about 5% to about 50% by weight based on the total SLFM weight. The SLFM includes a balance of water.

Abstract: A non-Newtonian photo-curable ink composition that comprises from about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % of metal oxide particles having an average particle size ranging from 1 to 50 nm; from about 0.05 wt % to about 10 Wt % of an inorganic salt; an organic solvent; a photo-initiator; and a polymerizable material; wherein the ink composition has a first dynamic viscosity ranging from 25 cps to 10,000 cps at a first state and a second dynamic viscosity ranging from 1 cps to 50 cps at a second state. Also described herein is a method for making such non-Newtonian photo-curable ink composition and a method for producing printed images using such non-Newtonian photo-curable ink composition.

Abstract: A MW signal is delivered to a waveguide with a coaxial concentrator. At least one of an amplitude and a phase of a reflected signal from the coaxial concentrator is monitored to determine material characteristics of a build material fusion process.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides non-Newtonian inkjet inks and related methods. In one example, a non-Newtonian inkjet ink include a dispersion of metal oxide particles in an amount ranging from 0.1% to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the non-Newtonian inkjet ink; a salt in an amount of 0.05% to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the non-Newtonian inkjet ink; and an organic solvent. Additionally, the metal oxide form a structured network in a presence of the salt and the inkjet ink have a dynamic viscosity ranging from 25 cps to 10,000 cps at shear rate of 5 s?1 and a dynamic viscosity ranging from 1 cps to 50 cps at a shear rate of 10,000 s?1.

Abstract: A non-Newtonian photo-curable ink composition that includes a metal oxide/alkoxysilane complex in an amount ranging from about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt %, a salt in an amount ranging from about 0.05 wt % to about 20 wt %, a photo-initiator, an organic solvent, and water, wherein the ink composition has a first dynamic viscosity ranging from 25 cps to 10,000 cps at a first state and a second dynamic viscosity ranging from 1 cps to 50 cps at a second state. Also described herein is a method for making such non-Newtonian photo-curable ink composition and a method for producing printed images using such non-Newtonian photo-curable ink composition.

Abstract: An example of a non-Newtonian inkjet ink includes first and second metal oxide nanoparticles, a colorant, an organic solvent, and a balance of water. The first metal oxide nanoparticle has a particle size of 10 nm or less, and is present in an amount ranging from about 5% to about 15% by weight based on a total weight of the ink. The second metal oxide nanoparticle has at least one dimension greater than 10 nm, and is present in an amount ranging from 0.25% to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the ink. The colorant is present in an amount ranging from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight based on the total weight of the ink. The organic solvent is present in an amount ranging from about 5% to about 50% by weight based on the total weight of the ink.

Abstract: The present disclosure is drawn to printing systems. In one example, a printing system can include a pretreatment head and an inkjet print head. The pretreatment head can include a surface barrier discharge plasma generator to apply a plasma treatment to a media substrate. The inkjet print head can be positioned with respect to the pretreatment head to form a printed image on the media substrate after the plasma treatment.

Abstract: A non-Newtonian photo-curable ink composition that includes a polymerizable FMOC material in an amount ranging from about 2 wt % to about 20 wt % by total weight of the ink composition, a photo-initiator, an organic solvent and water, wherein the ink composition has a first dynamic viscosity ranging from 25 cps to 10,000 cps at a first state and a second dynamic viscosity ranging from 1 cps to 50 cps at a second state. Also described herein is a method for making such non-Newtonian photo-curable ink composition and a method for producing printed images using such non-Newtonian photo-curable ink composition.

Abstract: A non-Newtonian photo-curable ink composition that comprises a structured network forming agent in an amount ranging from about 0.1 wt % to about 20 wt % by total weight of the ink composition; a salt in an amount ranging from about 0.05 wt % to about 20 wt % by total weight of the ink composition; an organic solvent; a photo-initiator; and a polymerizable material; wherein the ink composition has a first dynamic viscosity ranging from 25 cps to 10,000 cps at a first state and a second dynamic viscosity ranging from 1 cps to 50 cps at a second state. Also described herein is a method for making such non-Newtonian photo-curable ink composition and a method for producing printed images using such non-Newtonian photo-curable ink composition.

Abstract: A non-Newtonian photo-curable ink composition that comprises a combination of metal oxide particles in an amount ranging from about 0.1 wt % to about 20 wt % based on the total weight of the ink; an organic solvent; a photo-initiator; and a polymerizable material wherein the ink composition has a first dynamic viscosity ranging from 25 cps to 10,000 cps at a first state and a second dynamic viscosity ranging from 1 cps to 50 cps at a second state. Also described herein is a method for making such non-Newtonian photo-curable ink composition and a method for producing printed images using such non-Newtonian photo-curable ink composition.

Abstract: A stabilizing liquid functional material (SLFM) for 3D printing includes ceramic nanoparticles in an amount ranging from about 0.25% to about 5% by weight based on a total SLFM weight and silica nanoparticles present in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight based on the total SLFM weight. The ceramic nanoparticles have a particle size ranging from about 5 nm to about 50 nm. The silica nanoparticles have a particle size ranging from about 10 nm to about 50 nm. The ceramic nanoparticles and the silica nanoparticles are different in composition and/or morphology. An electromagnetic radiation absorber is present in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 10% by weight based on the total SLFM weight. An organic solvent is present in an amount from about 5% to about 50% by weight based on the total SLFM weight. The SLFM includes a balance of water.

Abstract: In a 3D printing method, a first layer of a build material is applied. A part layer is patterned by selectively applying a penetrating liquid functional material (PLFM) on at least a portion of the first layer. The PLFM includes (in amounts by weight based on total wt % of the PLFM): from about 5%-15% of a first metal oxide nanoparticle having a particle size ranging from about 0.5 nm up to 10 nm, from about 0.25%-10% of a second metal oxide nanoparticle having at least one dimension greater than 10 nm, from about 1%-10% of an electromagnetic radiation absorber, from about 5%-50% of an organic solvent, a surfactant, and a balance of water. The first layer having the PLFM applied thereon is exposed to electromagnetic radiation, whereby the portion of the first layer at least partially fuses to form the part layer.