Abstract: Disclosed are methods for providing steam suitable for injecting into a subterranean oil well, wherein fuel is combusted within a conduit that contains the steam to provide direct heat transfer of the heat of combustion to the steam.

Abstract: A hybrid plant and method for producing liquid fuel product from hydrogen and carbon monoxide containing streams produced by gasifying solid carbonaceous feedstock and steam reforming of light fossil fuels. When a gasification unit in the hybrid plant is operating at reduced capacity or is not operational, oxygen that would have been used in the gasification unit is diverted to a light fossil fuel conversion unit containing an autothermal reformer to increase H2-rich syngas flow to a liquid fuel production unit and maintain liquid fuel production at near nameplate capacity.

Abstract: Oxygen is added to a raw syngas stream that contains hydrogen and CO, one or more light hydrocarbons, and that may also contain tars, produced by gasification of carbonaceous feed material, while imparting heat at a rate greater than 125 BTU per pound of oxygen added, to partially oxidize light hydrocarbons and convert tars if present to lower molecular weight products.

Abstract: The present invention provides a steam methane reforming process and system utilizing an integrated steam system having both high pressure and low pressure steam circuits. According to this invention, substantially the entire stream of treated boiler feed water leaving the deaerator is pressurized and sent to the boiler feed water heater at elevated pressures. The resulting high pressure heated boiler feed water is split with a portion used as the feed to make low pressure steam and the balance is sent to the high pressure steam circuit.

Abstract: A hydrogen production method and facility in which a synthesis gas stream produced by the gasification of a carbonaceous substance is processed within a synthesis gas processing unit in which the carbon monoxide content is reacted with steam to produce additional hydrogen that is removed by a pressure swing adsorption unit. The tail gas from the pressure swing adsorption unit is further reformed with the addition of a hydrocarbon containing stream in a steam methane reforming system, further shifted to produce further additional hydrogen. The further hydrogen is then separated in another pressure swing adsorption unit.

Abstract: A hydrogen production method and facility in which a synthesis gas stream produced by the gasification of a carbonaceous substance is processed within a synthesis gas processing unit in which the carbon monoxide content is reacted with steam to produce additional hydrogen that is removed by a pressure swing adsorption unit. The tail gas from the pressure swing adsorption unit is further reformed with the addition of a hydrocarbon containing stream in a steam methane reforming system, further shifted to produce further additional hydrogen. The further hydrogen is then separated in another pressure swing adsorption unit.

Abstract: A cryogenic rectification system which can operate at elevated pressure without encountering a severe separation efficiency burden wherein additional column reflux is generated by an indigenous nitrogen heat pump circuit.

Abstract: A system which integrates a cryogenic air separation plant with a blast furnace system enabling efficient oxygen enrichment of the blast air, and, if desired, production of additional higher purity oxygen.

Abstract: A system for generating power as a result of an expansion of a pressurized working fluid through a turbine exhibits improved efficiency as the result of employing a tri-component working fluid that comprises water, ammonia and carbon dioxide. The pH of the working fluid is maintained within a range to prevent precipitation of carbon-bearing solids (preferably between 8.0 to 10.6). The working fluid enables an efficiency improvement in the Rankine cycle of up to 12 percent and an efficiency improvement in the Kalina cycle of approximately 5 percent.

Abstract: An air boiling cryogenic rectification system wherein additional feed air streams are used for vaporizing pressurized liquid oxygen and, by turboexpansion, for the generation of refrigeration prior to being passed into the column system.

Abstract: An air boiling cryogenic rectification system wherein additional feed air streams are used for vaporizing pressurized liquid oxygen in a once through main heat exchanger and, by turboexpansion, for the generation of refrigeration prior to being passed into the higher pressure column.

Abstract: A system and method of operating a system comprising an air separation plant and a gas turbine engine, the method comprising: providing a nitrogen-rich stream from the air separation plant; expanding and thereby cooling the nitrogen-rich stream; and delivering the expanded stream to the inlet of the compressor of the gas turbine engine to combine with the air stream entering the inlet of the compressor to form a total feed stream with reduced temperature and oxygen content so as to increase power output, increase efficiency and reduce NOx emissions of the gas turbine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes and apparatus for mixing oxidizable reactants with oxidant and/or oxidizing oxidizable reactants. Through using particular mixing and/or oxidizing arrangements, the risk of flammable or explosive reactions can be significantly reduced or prevented. When ammonia is used as the reactant, nitric acid can be obtained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes and apparatus for mixing oxidizable reactants with oxidant and oxidizing oxidizable reactants. When ammonia is used as the reactant, nitric acid can be obtained. Through using particular mixing and oxidizing arrangements, the volume of reactant oxidized can be significantly increased.

Abstract: A cryogenic rectification system wherein oxygen-enriched liquid from a higher pressure column is vaporized against condensing nitrogen-containing fluid which is employed as additional reflux in the lower pressure column thus increasing the column L/V ratio and the product recovery.

Abstract: The output of gas turbines is enhanced by gas moisturization using a water contact tower and a pumped water recirculation loop with low pressure steam addition thereto.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a packing structure and method of packing which can be used in the wellbore of injection wells for the recovery of heavy oils, shale oils, and tars, and in well shafts for in-situ coal gasification. The packing can also be used in the wellbore of gas and light oil production wells. The packing is used to provide passive protection of well structural components in the event of a well fire or fire in the formation near the well.The packing is placed in the well shaft below ground level, and preferably below the well packer. The packing particle size, as related to the well casings, is a critical feature of the invention. Particle size distribution, and position of placement of packing in the wellbore as a function of packing particle size, are significant variables which can be tailored to the application.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for fireflooding with liquid heat transfer media comprising injection of oxidant gas and liquid heat transfer media into a well through separate conduits, the liquid conduit downstream end submerged in a liquid volume, so as to form a seal and prevent oxidant gas migration into the liquid conduit.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for fireflooding with liquid heat transfer media comprising injection of oxidant gas and liquid heat transfer media into a well through separate conduits, the liquid conduit downstream end submerged in a liquid volume, so as to form a seal and prevent oxidant gas migration into the liquid conduit.

Abstract: A process for controlling the autothermal aerobic digestion of sludge wherein sludge is mixed with an oxygen-containing gas in a covered digestion zone to form an aerated mixed liquor. The oxygen-containing gas is introduced into the mixed liquor being aerated at an oxygen concentration of at least 20% by volume, in sufficient quantity and rate to dissolve at least 0.03 pounds of oxygen per pound of total volatile solid content in the sludge introduced into the covered aerobic digestion zone, and the volatile solids content of the aerated mixed liquor is maintained at a high level.