Abstract: A couponing system by which a consumer selects one of two coupons, hidden from the consumer, by pulling one of two, non-intersection zipper pulls which shears, destroys and renders invalid the non-selected coupon, while keeping intact the selected coupon.

Abstract: A couponing system by which a consumer selects one of two coupons, hidden from the consumer, by pulling one of two zipper pulls which shears, destroys and renders invalid the non-selected coupon, while keeping intact the selected coupon.

Abstract: Apparatus and a method using solid state track recorder (SSTR) metrology are disclosed to accurately measure small amounts of actinide pollution in water. A relatively small sample cell contains a fluidic sample and carries a SSTR. Sample cell configuration allows use of the fluidic sample itself as an asymptotic fission source for the SSTR and allows simultaneous irradiation of a plurality of such sample cells in existing thermal neutron irradiators.

Abstract: A couponing system by which a consumer selects one of two coupons, hidden from the consumer, by pulling one of two zipper pulls which shears, destroys and renders invalid the non-selected coupon, while keeping intact the selected coupon.

Abstract: A method is presented to scan fission tracks in solid state track recording material that provides a high degree of accuracy. Three separate methods of estimating true track density are used, each in its range of greatest reliability. The first method for low track density directly observes tracks and counts them. The second method for ranges of medial track density uses the Buffon needle method of determining the probability of track pile up to determine true track density. The third method, which is applicable at high track density, measures the amount of transmitted light to determine the opaque track area and relates this to true track density. The three methods are complimentary to each other and one of the set is automatically applied to any measured areal unit. The method is applied with known apparatus.

Abstract: A solid state track recording type dosimeter is disclosed to measure the time dependence of the absolute fission rates of nuclides or neutron fluence over a period of time. In a primary species an inner recording drum is rotatably contained within an exterior housing drum that defines a series of collimating slit apertures overlying windows defined in the stationary drum through which radiation can enter. Film type solid state track recorders are positioned circumferentially about the surface of the internal recording drum to record such radiation or its secondary products during relative rotation of the two elements. In another species both the recording element and the aperture element assume the configuration of adjacent disks. Based on slit size of apertures and relative rotational velocity of the inner drum, radiation parameters within a test area may be measured as a function of time and spectra deduced therefrom.

Abstract: A method is described for correcting for effect of isotope burn-in in fission neutron dosimeters. Two quantities are measured in order to quantify the "burn-in" contribution, namely P.sub.Z',A', the amount of (Z', A') isotope that is burned-in, and F.sub.Z', A', the fissions per unit volume produced in the (Z', A') isotope. To measure P.sub.Z', A', two solid state track recorder fission deposits are prepared from the very same material that comprises the fission neutron dosimeter, and the mass and mass density are measured. One of these deposits is exposed along with the fission neutron dosimeter, whereas the second deposit is subsequently used for observation of background. P.sub.Z', A' is then determined by conducting a second irradiation, wherein both the irradiated and unirradiated fission deposits are used in solid state track recorder dosimeters for observation of the absolute number of fissions per unit volume. The difference between the latter determines P.sub.

Abstract: A non-destructive method for determination of neutron exposure and constituent concentrations in an object, such as reactor pressure vessel, is based on the observation of characteristic gamma-rays emitted by activation products in the object by using a unique continuous gamma-ray spectrometer. The spectrometer views the object through appropriate collimators to determine the absolute emission rate of these characteristic gamma-rays, thereby ascertaining the absolute activity of given activation products in the object. These data can then be used to deduce the spatial and angular dependence of neutron exposure or the spatial constituent concentration at regions of interest within the object.

Abstract: Small passive solid state track recorders used for measuring radiation, functionally change physical characteristics of latent radiation tracks when subjected to higher temperature thermal environs, during or after radiation. These changes in physical characteristics of the latent radiation tracks may be observed and compared to known standards to determine some thermal history and especially measure of attained temperature of the solid state track recorder.