Abstract: Isotopically-labeled species of propylene glycol and glycerol are provided as solvents for use in electronic nicotine delivery systems (e.g., as disposed in a cartridge in an e-cigarette). The isotopically-labeled species are distinguishable from the non-isotopically-labeled species (e.g., by mass spectrometry). Thus, methods are provided for the measurement of the quantity of solvent or of a solvent heating by-product (e.g., formaldehyde, acetaldehyde), or of a metabolite of the drug, delivered to a user by analysis of blood samples taken subsequent to dosing by use of the electronic nicotine delivery system. An example of an isotopically-labeled species of propylene glycol for use in such measurement methods is [13C]3H8O2. A clinical study of e-cigarettes loaded with this isotopically-labeled species resulted in the following blood plasma concentration profiles in “vaping” subjects.

Abstract: Isotopically-labeled species of propylene glycol and glycerol are provided as solvents for use in electronic nicotine delivery systems (e.g., as disposed in a cartridge in an e-cigarette). The isotopically-labeled species are distinguishable from the non-isotopically-labeled species (e.g., by mass spectrometry). Thus, methods are provided for the measurement of the quantity of solvent or of a solvent heating by-product (e.g., formaldehyde, acetaldehyde), or of a metabolite of the drug, delivered to a user by analysis of blood samples taken subsequent to dosing by use of the electronic nicotine delivery system. An example of an isotopically-labeled species of propylene glycol for use in such measurement methods is [13C]3H8O2. A clinical study of e-cigarettes loaded with this isotopically-labeled species resulted in the following blood plasma concentration profiles in “vaping” subjects.

Abstract: The invention relates to topical formulations of flucytosine which demonstrate a clear advantage over currently available therapeutic regimens for the treatment and maintenance of fungal infections, particularly vulvovaginal candidiasis. The invention provides compositions which solve the long-standing need for antimicrobial agents which treat effectively resistant strains of Candida spp., especially C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. tropicalis, and which pose limited risk of side effects, adverse reactions, or the development of resistant pathogens. The invention provides novel topical formulations of flucytosine designed to allow the active drug to act at the local application area, but which inhibit or moderate transdermal or transmucosal absorption of the drug, thus limiting systemic exposure.

Abstract: The invention relates to topical formulations of flucytosine which demonstrate a clear advantage over currently available therapeutic regimens for the treatment and maintenance of fungal infections, particularly vulvovaginal candidiasis. The invention provides compositions which solve the long-standing need for antimicrobial agents which treat effectively resistant strains of Candida spp., especially C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. tropicalis, and which pose limited risk of side effects, adverse reactions, or the development of resistant pathogens. The invention provides novel topical formulations of flucytosine designed to allow the active drug to act at the local application area, but which inhibit or moderate transdermal or transmucosal absorption of the drug, thus limiting systemic exposure.