Abstract: Disclosed are methods of producing supported organic catalyst systems which find particular use in polymerization reactions. The methods comprise generally, the steps of (a) providing an organic catalyst solution comprising an organic catalyst dissolved in a solvent; (b) contacting the organic catalyst solution with a solid support material; and (c) removing the solvent from the support material by using one or more supercritical-like solvents.

Abstract: Provided are methods of charging refrigerants into refrigeration systems. The present methods involve recharging a refrigerant system that contains a chlorine-containing refrigerant and a lubricant comprising the steps of (a) providing a refrigeration system comprising a chamber having a hydrocarbon-based lubricant and substantially no chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant; and (b) introducing to the system a composition comprising: (i) a refrigerant; (ii) a surfactant; and (iii) a solubilizing agent.

Abstract: Provided are methods of charging refrigerants into refrigeration systems. The present methods involve recharging a refrigerant system that contains a chlorine-containing refrigerant and a lubricant comprising the steps of (a)providing a refrigeration system comprising a chamber having a hydrocarbon-based lubricant and substantially no chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant; and (b) introducing to the system a composition comprising: (i) a refrigerant; (ii) a surfactant; and (iii) a solubilizing agent.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of producing supported organic catalyst systems which find particular use in polymerization reactions. The methods comprise generally, the steps of (a) providing an organic catalyst solution comprising an organic catalyst dissolved in a solvent; (b) contacting the organic catalyst solution with a solid support material; and (c) removing the solvent from the support material by using one or more supercritical-like solvents.

Abstract: An improved thermal energy storage system and a process for thermal energy storage and transfer are disclosed. The cooling medium, a clathrate forming mixture, comprises water, and a hydrofluorocarbon having at least three carbon atoms and a molecular diameter less than about 7 .ANG.. Preferably the hydrofluorocarbon is selected from hydrofluoropropanes and more preferably is selected from the group consisting of CHF.sub.2 CHFCHF.sub.2, CF.sub.2 HCF.sub.2 CH.sub.2 F, CF.sub.3 CHFCH.sub.2 F, CF.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CF.sub.2 H, CF.sub.3 CF.sub.2 CH.sub.3, CF.sub.3 CHFCF.sub.2 H, CF.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CF.sub.3, CF.sub.3 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 H, CH.sub.2 FCF.sub.2 CF.sub.3, CHF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CH.sub.3, CF.sub.3 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CH.sub.3, CF.sub.3 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 H, and CF.sub.3 CFHCFHCF.sub.3.

Abstract: An improved thermal energy storage system and a process for thermal energy storage and transfer are disclosed. The cooling medium, a clathrate forming mixture, comprises water, and a hydrofluorocarbon having at least three carbon atoms and a molecular diameter less than about 7 .ANG.. Preferably the hydrofluorocarbon is selected from hydrofluoropropanes and more preferably is selected from the group consisting of CHF.sub.2 CHFCHF.sub.2, CF.sub.2 HCF.sub.2 CH.sub.2 F, CF.sub.3 CHFCH.sub.2 F, CF.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CF.sub.2 H, CF.sub.3 CF.sub.2 CH.sub.3, CF.sub.3 CHFCF.sub.2 H, CF.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CF.sub.3, CF.sub.3 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 H, CH.sub.2 FCF.sub.2 CF.sub.3, CHF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CH.sub.3, CF.sub.3 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CH.sub.3, CF.sub.3 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 H, and CF.sub.3 CFHCFHCF.sub.3.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition for use in refrigeration and air-conditioning comprising: (a) at least one refrigerant selected from the group consisting of hydrofluorocarbon, hydrochlorofluorocarbon, fluorocarbon, and chlorofluorocarbon; and (b) a sufficient amount to provide lubrication of at least one lubricant prepared by polymerizing alkene having a perfluoroalkyl group on one end thereof. The lubricant has a molecular weight of about 300 to about 3,000 and a viscosity of about 5 to about 150 centistokes at 37.degree. C. The lubricant is miscible in combination with the refrigerant in the range between about -40.degree. C. and at least about +20.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compositions for use in compression refrigeration and air-conditioning which substantially reduce the occurrence of the foregoing problem. The compositions comprise: (a) chlorine-containing refrigerant selected from the group consisting of hydrochlorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, and hydrochlorofluorocarbons, (b) hydrogen-contributing lubricant; and (c) composition comprising: (1) at least one phenol and (2) at least one aromatic epoxide or fluorinated alkyl epoxide wherein the composition (c) substantially reduces the removal of chlorine or chlorine and fluorine from the chlorine-containing refrigerant (a) and replacement of the halogen with hydrogen from the hydrogen-contributing lubricant (b).

Abstract: Trichlorofluoromethane refrigeration systems use mineral oil to lubricate the compressor. We have found that the use of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane and mineral oil results in the formation of 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane; in the absence of mineral oil, the use of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane does not result in the formation of 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane. We have found an additive which substantially reduces the formation of 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane. Thus, the present invention provides a composition comprising: (a) 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane, (b) hydrogen-contributing lubricant: and (c) a composition comprising: (i) at least one phenol and (ii) at least one aromatic or fluorinated alkyl epoxide wherein the composition (c) substantially reduces the decomposition of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition for use in compression refrigeration and air-conditioning. The composition comprises: (a) a refrigerant selected from the group consisting of hydrofluorocarbon and hydrochlorofluorocarbon; and (b) a sufficient amount to provide lubrication of at least one fluorinated silicone. The fluorinated silicone has units therein selected from the group consisting of fluoroalkyl and alkyl. If both fluoroalkyl and alkyl units are present in the fluorinated silicone, at least 25% of the units are fluoroalkyl. The fluorinated silicone has a molecular weight between about 280 and about 6,000; a viscosity of about 10 to about 300 centistokes at 38.degree. C. (0.1 to 3 cm.sup.2 /sec), and is miscible in combination with the refrigerant in the range between -40.degree. C. and at least +20.degree. C.

Abstract: Azeotrope-like compositions comprising trifluoromethane and carbon dioxide or trifluromethane, hexafluoroethane and carbon dioxide are stable and have utility as refrigerants for heating and cooling as well as fire extinguishing compositions.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to polyoxyalkylene glycols which are used to flush currently used lubricants such as mineral oil, alkyl benzenes, and esters from a refrigeration system for conversion to fluorocarbon or hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants. The polyoxyalkylene glycol is selected from the group consisting of polyoxyalkylene glycol which is at least difunctional with respect to hydroxyl groups, polyoxyalkylene glycol having an alkyl cap on one end thereof, and polyoxyalkylene glycol having at least two alkyl caps. The polyoxyalkylene glycol has a molecular weight of about 300 to about 4,000, has a viscosity of about 5 to 150 centistokes at 37.degree. C., and is made from alkylene oxide having at least 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition for use in compression refrigeration and air-conditioning comprising: (a) 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane; and (b) a sufficient amount to provide lubrication of a lubricant therefor wherein said lubricant is an aliphatic non-hydrogen containing compound, an aliphatic compound having greater than about 80 percent non-hydrogen containing atoms, or an aliphatic hydrogen-containing compound having greater than about 80 percent exterior primary hydrogens, has a viscosity of about 5 to about 150 centistokes at 37.degree. C., and is miscible in combination with said 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane in the range of about 0.degree. C. to at least +20.degree. C. The compositions may further comprise an effective amount of stabilizer.The present composition is useful in compression refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment.

Abstract: R12, which contains chlorine, and hydrogen-contributing lubricants react to form acids such as hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride and simultaneously, R12 is converted to R22. Such reactions are undesirable because the acids which form destroy the metallic components of a refrigeration system and cause the breakdown of the lubricants.The present invention provides a compositions for use in compression refrigeration and air-conditioning which substantially reduce the occurrence of the foregoing problem.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel lubricating composition comprising polybutylene glycol having a cap of a fluorinated alkyl group on at least one end thereof. The composition has a molecular weight between about 300 and about 4,000, and a viscosity of about 5 to about 150 centistokes at 37.degree. C. The composition is miscible in combination with refrigerant.As such, the present invention provides a composition for use in compression refrigeration and air-conditioning comprising: (a) a refrigerant selected from the group consisting of hydrofluorocarbon, hydrochlorofluorocarbon, fluorocarbon, and chlorofluorocarbon; and (b) a sufficient amount to provide lubrication of at least one polybutylene glycol having a cap of a fluorinated alkyl group on at least one end thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to foam compositions which are expanded with hydrohalocarbon blowing agents in the presence of additives which decrease the formation of haloalkenes during the polymerization. Thus, the present invention provides compositions comprising polyisocyanate, polyol, hydrohalocarbon blowing agent, catalyst, surfactant, and at least one additive wherein the additive is capable of decreasing the amount of decomposition of said dehydrohalocarbon blowing agent to haloalkenes during polymerization of the polyisocyanate and the polyol.Depending upon the polyol and polyisocyanate used and the quantity of polyisocyanate used, the compositions may be used in pour-in-place molded foams; rigid urethane spray foams; rigid high and low density foams for slabstock, froth foams, and molded foams; rigid laminated boardstock; or specialty foams.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition for use in compression refrigeration and air-conditioning comprising: (a) 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane; and (b) a sufficient amount to provide lubrication of a lubricant therefor wherein said lubricant is an aliphatic non-hydrogen containing compound, an aliphatic compound having greater than about 80 percent non-hydrogen containing atoms, or an aliphatic hydrogen-containing compound having greater than about 80 percent exterior primary hydrogens, has an viscosity of about 5 to about 150 centistokes at 37.degree. C., and is miscible in combination with said 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluroethane in the range of about 0.degree. C. to at least +20.degree. C. The compositions may further comprise an effective amount of stabilizer.The present composition is useful in compression refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel lubricating composition comprising a polyoxyalkylene glycol having a cap of a fluorinated alkyl group on at least one end thereof. The composition has a molecular weight between 300 and 3,000, a viscosity of about 5 to about 150 centistokes at 37.degree. C., and a viscosity index of at least 20. The composition is miscible in combination with tetrafluoroethane in the range between -40.degree. C. and at least +20.degree. C.The novel lubricating composition is particularly useful with tetrafluoroethane in refrigeration and air-conditioning applications. As such, the present invention also provides a composition for use in refrigeration and air-conditioning comprising: (a) tetrafluoroethane; and (b) a sufficient amount to provide lubrication of at least one polyoxyalkylene glycol having a cap of fluorinated alkyl group on at least one end thereof. The lubricant has a molecular weight of about 300 to about 3,000, a viscosity of about 5 to about 150 centistokes at 37.degree.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lubricating composition. The composition comprises a single phase blend of (i) at least one polyoxyalkylene glycol which has a molecular weight between 300 and 2000, a viscosity of about 10-157 centistokes at 37.degree. C., and a viscosity index of at least 20 and (ii) a chlorotrifluoroethylene oil having a viscosity of about 0.8-1000 centistokes at 25.degree. C. The blend is miscible in combination with the tetrafluoroethane in the range between 0.degree. C. and at least +5.degree. C.