Abstract: Methods and apparatus for processing a substrate are provided herein. For example, a method includes using an extended spectroscopic ellipsometer to direct a beam of electromagnetic radiation having a beam energy toward a portion of a substrate at an incident angle to produce an extended spectroscopic ellipsometry (ESE) data set from the portion of the substrate which includes a measured change of a phase and/or an amplitude of the beam of electromagnetic radiation reflecting away from the portion of the substrate relative to the beam of electromagnetic radiation directed toward the portion of the substrate. One or more properties of the portion of the substrate are then determined based at least in part on the ESE data set of the portion of the substrate.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for monitoring cleanliness of a substrate processing chamber are provided herein. In some embodiments, the method includes illuminating a surface of a component of the substrate processing chamber, the component surrounded by a chamber enclosure that is sealed from external light, the surface being illuminated by UV light generated from within a volume between the component and the enclosure; capturing an image of the illuminated surface; analyzing the captured image; determining based on the analyzing whether chamber cleaning is needed; and when it is determined that chamber cleaning is needed, generating an alert indicating that chamber cleaning is needed.

Abstract: A process flow for bonding a die to a substrate incorporates defectivity risk management and yield promotion by reducing flow complexity. In some embodiments, the process flow may include a radiation process on a component substrate to weaken an adhesive bonding of dies from a surface of the component substrate, a first wet clean process on the component substrate after the radiation process to clean die bonding surfaces, eject and pick processes after performing the first wet clean process to remove dies from the component substrate for bonding to a substrate, a plasma activation process on the substrate, a second wet clean process after the plasma activation process on the substrate to clean a substrate bonding surface of the substrate, and a hybrid bonding process to bond die bonding surfaces of the dies to the substrate bonding surface of the substrate.

Abstract: Embodiments of multi-chamber processing tools are provided herein. In some embodiments, a multi-chamber processing tool includes: an equipment front end module (EFEM) having one or more loadports for receiving one or more types of substrates; a plurality of atmospheric modular mainframes coupled to each other and having a first atmospheric modular mainframe coupled to the EFEM, wherein each of the plurality of atmospheric modular mainframes include a transfer chamber and one or more process chambers coupled to the transfer chamber, wherein at least one of the plurality of atmospheric modular mainframes includes a bonder chamber, wherein the transfer chamber includes a buffer having a plurality of shelves for supporting the one or more types of substrates and includes a transfer robot; and an atmospheric plasma activation module disposed in the transfer chamber or one of the one or more process chambers.

Abstract: A method of determining a property of a substrate surface and a processing chamber configured to determine a property of a substrate are disclosed herein. The method includes flowing a liquid onto a rotating substrate, stopping the flow, and measuring a time for a trailing edge of a liquid layer to move across the rotating substrate to determine the property.

Abstract: Methods for producing a reduced contact resistance for cobalt-titanium structures. In some embodiments, a method comprises depositing a titanium layer using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, depositing a first cobalt layer on the titanium nitride layer using a physical vapor deposition (PVD) process, and depositing a second cobalt layer on the first cobalt layer using a CVD process.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for substrate processing are provided. In some embodiments, a substrate processing method includes: sequentially stacking a plurality of dies on a substrate into a stacked assembly; thermally treating the plurality of dies; and stacking at least one additional die atop the thermally treated plurality of dies.

Abstract: A process flow for bonding a die to a substrate incorporates defectivity risk management and yield promotion by reducing flow complexity. In some embodiments, the process flow may include a radiation process on a component substrate to weaken an adhesive bonding of dies from a surface of the component substrate, a first wet clean process on the component substrate after the radiation process to clean die bonding surfaces, eject and pick processes after performing the first wet clean process to remove dies from the component substrate for bonding to a substrate, a plasma activation process on the substrate, a second wet clean process after the plasma activation process on the substrate to clean a substrate bonding surface of the substrate, and a hybrid bonding process to bond die bonding surfaces of the dies to the substrate bonding surface of the substrate.

Abstract: Methods for reducing interface resistance of semiconductor devices leverage dual work function metal silicide. In some embodiments, a method may comprise selectively depositing a metal silicide layer on an Epi surface and adjusting a metal-to-silicon ratio of the metal silicide layer during deposition to alter a work function of the metal silicide layer based on whether the Epi surface is a P type Epi surface or an N type Epi surface to achieve a Schottky barrier height of less than 0.5 eV. The work function for a P type Epi surface may be adjusted to a value of approximately 5.0 eV and the work function for an N type Epi surface may be adjusted to a value of approximately 3.8 eV. The deposition of the metal silicide layer on the Epi surface may be performed prior to deposition of a contact etch stop layer and an activation anneal.

Abstract: Methods for reducing interface resistance of semiconductor devices leverage dual work function metal silicide. In some embodiments, a method may comprise selectively depositing a metal silicide layer on an Epi surface and adjusting a metal-to-silicon ratio of the metal silicide layer during deposition to alter a work function of the metal silicide layer based on whether the Epi surface is a P type Epi surface or an N type Epi surface to achieve a Schottky barrier height of less than 0.5 eV. The work function for a P type Epi surface may be adjusted to a value of approximately 5.0 eV and the work function for an N type Epi surface may be adjusted to a value of approximately 3.8 eV. The deposition of the metal silicide layer on the Epi surface may be performed prior to deposition of a contact etch stop layer and an activation anneal.

Abstract: Methods for producing a reduced contact resistance for cobalt-titanium structures. In some embodiments, a method comprises depositing a titanium layer using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, depositing a first cobalt layer on the titanium nitride layer using a physical vapor deposition (PVD) process, and depositing a second cobalt layer on the first cobalt layer using a CVD process.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for producing a reduced contact resistance for cobalt-titanium structures. In some embodiments, a method comprises depositing a titanium layer using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, depositing a titanium nitride layer on the titanium layer using an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process, depositing a first cobalt layer on the titanium nitride layer using a physical vapor deposition (PVD) process, and depositing a second cobalt layer on the first cobalt layer using a CVD process.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for selectively depositing a tungsten layer atop a dielectric surface.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for selectively depositing a tungsten layer atop a dielectric surface.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for cleaning a contaminated metal surface on a substrate, including: exposing a substrate including a dielectric surface and a metal surface including metal nitride residues and metal carbide residues to a process gas including an oxidizing agent to form a substrate including a dielectric surface and a metal surface including metal oxides residues; and exposing a substrate including a dielectric surface and a metal surface including metal oxides residues to a process gas including a reducing agent to form a substrate including a dielectric surface and a substantially pure metal surface.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for producing a reduced contact resistance for cobalt-titanium structures. In some embodiments, a method comprises depositing a titanium layer using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, depositing a titanium nitride layer on the titanium layer using an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process, depositing a first cobalt layer on the titanium nitride layer using a physical vapor deposition (PVD) process, and depositing a second cobalt layer on the first cobalt layer using a CVD process.

Abstract: The systems and methods discussed herein are for a cluster tool that can be used for MOSFET device fabrication, including NMOS and PMOS devices. The cluster tool includes process chambers for pre-cleaning, metal-silicide or metal-germanide film formation, and surface protection operations such as capping and nitridation. The cluster tool can include one or more process chambers configured to form a source and a drain. The devices fabricated in the cluster tool are fabricated to have at least one protective layer formed over the metal-silicide or metal-germanide film to protect the film from contamination during handling and transfer to separate systems.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure relate to selective metal silicide deposition methods. In one embodiment, a substrate having a silicon containing surface is heated and the silicon containing surface is hydrogen terminated. The substrate is exposed to sequential cycles of a MoF6 precursor and a Si2H6 precursor which is followed by an additional Si2H6 overdose exposure to selectively deposit a MoSix material comprising MoSi2 on the silicon containing surface of the substrate. Methods described herein also provide for selective native oxide removal which enables removal of native oxide material without etching bulk oxide materials.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure relate to selective metal silicide deposition methods. In one embodiment, a substrate having a silicon containing surface is heated and the silicon containing surface is hydrogen terminated. The substrate is exposed to sequential cycles of a MoF6 precursor and a Si2H6 precursor which is followed by an additional Si2H6 overdose exposure to selectively deposit a MoSix material comprising MoSi2 on the silicon containing surface of the substrate.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure relate to selective metal silicide deposition methods. In one embodiment, a substrate having a silicon containing surface is heated and the silicon containing surface is hydrogen terminated. The substrate is exposed to sequential cycles of a MoF6 precursor and a Si2H6 precursor which is followed by an additional Si2H6 overdose exposure to selectively deposit a MoSix material comprising MoSi2 on the silicon containing surface of the substrate. Methods described herein also provide for selective native oxide removal which enables removal of native oxide material without etching bulk oxide materials.