Abstract: Theoretical and practical constraints disallow direct determination of the structure of the atomic nucleus. Contained herein is a magnet model of the atomic nucleus, derived from considerations of charge density, RMS charge radii, magnetic moments, and nucleon binding energy. These physical properties point to a sequential, alternating up and down quark structure modeled in the present invention by an array of magnets alternating in polarity. The summation of the pull forces of the two magnet poles is unequal, and when two such magnet arrays are placed opposite one another in magnetic potential energy barrier assembly, the two arrays repel at a distance and attract when near one another. In one embodiment, the ratio of the maximum attractive force to the maximum repulsive force very closely approximates the strong force constant 137. This invention serves as a demonstration of the Coulomb barrier for the student, and a potentially useful model for probing the forces and structure of the atomic nucleus.

Abstract: Theoretical and practical constraints disallow direct determination of the structure of the atomic nucleus. Contained herein is a magnet model of the atomic nucleus, derived from considerations of charge density, RMS charge radii, magnetic moments, and nucleon binding energy. These physical properties point to a sequential, alternating up and down quark structure modeled in the present invention by an array of magnets alternating in polarity. The summation of the pull forces of the two magnet poles is unequal, and when two such magnet arrays are placed opposite one another in magnetic potential energy barrier assembly, the two arrays repel at a distance and attract when near one another. In one embodiment, the ratio of the maximum attractive force to the maximum repulsive force very closely approximates the strong force constant 137. This invention serves as a demonstration of the Coulomb barrier for the student, and a potentially useful model for probing the forces and structure of the atomic nucleus.

Abstract: A motor includes a number of individual electric coils arranged in the shape of a toroid around a ferromagnetic core, and configured so that, upon the application of electric current through the plurality of individual coils, the stator generates a rotating magnetic field within the ferromagnetic core. The motor also includes a magnetic rotor having a number of individual magnets positioned on the rotor such that adjacent magnets alternate in magnetic orientation, and are configured to direct magnetic flux lines through the stator. Further, the motor includes a controller configured for controlling the distribution of electric current to said plurality of individual electric coils. A generator may be similarly constructed, where the rotor is mechanically rotated to induce an electric current through the individual electric coils.

Abstract: A flywheel energy storage device includes the Halbach Motor/Generator with rolling biphasic coil control, continuously variable torque transfer via magnetic induction and a reluctance magnetic levitation system known as the Axial-Loading Magnetic Reluctance Device. Electric energy input turns the magnetically coupled rotors of the Halbach motor, and torque is transferred to a flywheel through a copper cylinder variably inserted between the Halbach magnet rotors. In idle mode, the energy is stored kinetically in the spinning flywheel, which is levitated by a permanent magnet bearing. Electric energy output is achieved by transferring torque from the flywheel through the copper cylinder to the rotors of the Halbach Generator by magnetic induction. Rolling biphasic motor control includes dividing Halbach motor coils into increments, then energizing groups of contiguous increments into virtual coils, which revolve in tandem with the magnet rotors so to achieve continuous and optimal torque.

Abstract: A variable magnetic torque transfer device includes at least one magnetic rotor and an induction cylinder that is in close proximity to the magnetic rotor. The magnetic rotor has a number of individual magnets positioned on it in alternating in magnetic orientation. In operation, the induction cylinder is placed adjacent the magnetic rotor for relative rotation through magnetic flux lines emanating from the magnetic rotor. Some versions include two magnetic rotors and the induction cylinder is advantageously disposed between the two rotors. A method of torque transfer includes placing the induction cylinder adjacent to the magnetic rotor, or between two magnetic rotors, to cause the induction cylinder to pass through magnetic flux lines emanating from the magnetic rotor or rotors.

Abstract: A magnetic bearing retains a rotatable shaft in a selected position by magnetic coupling between a circular magnet and one or more magnet arrays. Each magnetic coupling completes a magnetic circuit. The magnet arrays focus magnetic flux towards the circular magnet to facilitate magnetic coupling. Magnet arrays configured in Halbach series may be employed. Magnet arrays configured as electromagnets may also be employed. The shaft may be attached either to the circular magnet or the magnet arrays. Shaft rotation does not affect the magnetic circuit, but axial displacement of the shaft disrupts the magnetic circuit and increases magnetic reluctance. Increasing magnetic reluctance inhibits axial displacement. The shaft thereby supports a load while rotating freely, constrained to a selected position by forces of magnetic reluctance. A centering bearing may be employed to maintain gap distance between circular magnet and one or more magnet arrays.

Abstract: A flywheel energy storage device includes the Halbach Motor/Generator with rolling biphasic coil control, continuously variable torque transfer via magnetic induction and a reluctance magnetic levitation system known as the Axial-Loading Magnetic Reluctance Device. Electric energy input turns the magnetically coupled rotors of the Halbach motor, and torque is transferred to a flywheel through a copper cylinder variably inserted between the Halbach magnet rotors. In idle mode, the energy is stored kinetically in the spinning flywheel, which is levitated by a permanent magnet bearing. Electric energy output is achieved by transferring torque from the flywheel through the copper cylinder to the rotors of the Halbach Generator by magnetic induction. Rolling biphasic motor control includes dividing Halbach motor coils into increments, then energizing groups of contiguous increments into virtual coils, which revolve in tandem with the magnet rotors so to achieve continuous and optimal torque.

Abstract: What is disclosed is an actuator that can include a linear or cylindrical actuator. The actuator utilizes two or more groups of magnets, at least one magnet group traveling inside the coil assembly magnetically coupled to at least one magnet group traveling parallel and outside the coil assembly. Contiguous leading and trailing coils are sequentially activated in tandem with the advancing magnet groups in order to continuously optimize electromotive force.

Abstract: A motor includes two magnetically coupled, coaxially-nested Halbach cylinder rotors, one of which passes through a toroidal series of at least two stator coils while the other is attached to an axle or other means of transferring mechanical power. An embodiment is described comprising an additional third Halbach cylinder rotor in which a circumferential arrangement of permanent magnets is mounted rotatably and proximally outside the stator coils, coaxial with the stator coils. Adjacent stator coils are configured so as to produce opposing magnetic fields upon energizing of the motor. Alternating the current to the stator coils induces movement in the rotor. Commutation can occur brushlessly, or the motor can be configured to function without commutation by varying the frequency of the alternating current, and can be configured to operate by either DC or AC current. Alternatively, the rotor may be driven to generate an electric current in the stator.

Abstract: A magnetic bearing retains a rotatable shaft in a selected position by magnetic coupling between two circularmagnetic assemblies, one of which is connected to the shaft. Each magnetic coupling completes a magnetic circuit. Shaft rotation does not affect the magnetic circuit, but radial displacement of the shaft disrupts the magnetic circuit and increases magnetic reluctance. Increasing magnetic reluctance inhibits radial displacement. The shaft thereby supports a load while rotating freely, constrained to a selected position by forces of magnetic reluctance. A bearing may be employed to maintain gap distance between the magnetic assemblies.

Abstract: A vessel with powered display portion, powered by heat differential from a liquid in the vessel, and a thermoelectric generator. Heat from the liquid is used to generate electricity using a thermoelectric generator in thermal contact with the liquid, and a heat sink or radiator. Cold liquid in the vessel can also be used to generate electricity, by the difference in temperature outside the vessel. The powered display may be made of flexible material and can include LEDs, OLEDS, LCD, luminous tubing, fiber optics, or other light emitting structures.

Abstract: A vessel with powered display portion, powered by heat differential from a liquid in the vessel, and a thermoelectric generator. Heat from the liquid is used to generate electricity using a thermoelectric generator in thermal contact with the liquid, and a heat sink or radiator. Cold liquid in the vessel can also be used to generate electricity, by the difference in temperature outside the vessel. The powered display may be made of flexible material and can include LEDs, OLEDS, LCD, luminous tubing, fiber optics, or other light emitting structures.

Abstract: A magnetic flux shield is described for employment within a hybrid permanent magnet/induction motor, allowing for both synchronous and asynchronous operation. A hybrid rotor comprises coaxially nested Halbach cylinders each with an attached induction rotor and a magnetic flux shield. This hybrid rotor rotates about an armature residing in the space between the induction rotors. The armature comprises independent field winding circuits that may be configured by a controller for either polyphase asynchronous or synchronous operation. At start up or where high torque is required, multiphase current urges rotation of the induction rotor. At a predetermined operational speed a magnetic flux shield releases and allows synchronous operation for greater energy efficiency.

Abstract: A vessel with powered display portion, powered by heat differential from a liquid in the vessel, and a thermoelectric generator. Heat from the liquid is used to generate electricity using a thermoelectric generator in thermal contact with the liquid, and a heat sink or radiator. Cold liquid in the vessel can also be used to generate electricity, by the difference in temperature outside the vessel. The powered display may be made of flexible material and can include LEDs, OLEDS, LCD, luminous tubing, fiber optics, or other light emitting structures.

Abstract: A motor includes two magnetically coupled, coaxially-nested Halbach cylinder rotors, one of which passes through a toroidal series of at least two stator coils while the other is attached to an axle or other means of transferring mechanical power. An embodiment is described comprising an additional third Halbach cylinder rotor in which a circumferential arrangement of permanent magnets is mounted rotatably and proximally outside the stator coils, coaxial with the stator coils. Adjacent stator coils are configured so as to produce opposing magnetic fields upon energizing of the motor. Alternating the current to the stator coils induces movement in the rotor. Commutation can occur brushlessly, or the motor can be configured to function without commutation by varying the frequency of the alternating current, and can be configured to operate by either DC or AC current. Alternatively, the rotor may be driven to generate an electric current in the stator.

Abstract: A magnetic bearing retains a rotatable shaft in a selected position by magnetic coupling between a circular magnet and one or more magnet arrays. Each magnetic coupling completes a magnetic circuit. The magnet arrays focus magnetic flux towards the circular magnet to facilitate magnetic coupling. Magnet arrays configured in Halbach series may be employed. Magnet arrays configured as electromagnets may also be employed. The shaft may be attached either to the circular magnet or the magnet arrays. Shaft rotation does not affect the magnetic circuit, but axial displacement of the shaft disrupts the magnetic circuit and increases magnetic reluctance. Increasing magnetic reluctance inhibits axial displacement. The shaft thereby supports a load while rotating freely, constrained to a selected position by forces of magnetic reluctance. A centering bearing may be employed to maintain gap distance between circular magnet and one or more magnet arrays.

Abstract: A motor includes a base plate and an armature having two or more arms mounted to the base plate for rotation about an axis. At least two powerstroke solenoids are positioned on each arm for applying force effecting first rotational motion of the armature. At least one reset solenoid is positioned on each arm for applying force effecting second rotational motion of the armature opposite the first rotational motion. Means are provided for sequentially applying current to the powerstroke solenoids and then to the reset solenoids to effect an oscillating motion of the armature. Further means are provided for transferring the first rotational motion to a disk cylinder rotatably mounted to the base plate for rotation about the axis, but for restraining the transfer of the second rotational motion to the disk cylinder.

Abstract: A motor includes a base plate and an armature rotatably mounted to the base plate for rotation about an axis, the armature having two or more arms extending outwardly from the axis. At least two powerstroke solenoids are positioned on each of the at least two arms, the least two powerstroke solenoids being radially spaced from each other, the at least two powerstroke solenoids further being configured for applying force in a first direction onto the respective at least two arms for effecting a first rotational motion of the armature. At least one reset solenoid is positioned on each of the at least two arms for applying force in a second direction onto the at least two arms for effecting a second rotational motion of the armature, the first direction being opposite the second direction, and the first rotational motion being opposite the second rotational motion.