Abstract: A method of extracting a substance comprising the steps of: placing a substrate on which a substance has been adsorbed into a container; feeding a solvent into the container whilst restricting its exit to achieve a predetermined pressure of the solvent in the container, wherein the solvent has a critical point and the predetermined pressure is above the critical point of the solvent; releasing the solvent and an extract comprising extracted substances into a separator; reducing the temperature and pressure in the separator to remove a gaseous portion of the solvent from the extract; collecting the extract remaining from the separator.

Abstract: A method of extracting at least one rhamnolipid compound from a rhamnolipid fermentation mixture, the method comprising the steps of: (a) admixing an inert adsorbing support with a rhamnolipid fermentation mixture; (b) dissolving the mixture in an organic solvent at a temperature higher than 31° C. and at a pressure higher than 73 bars; (c) separating at least one fatty compound; (d) adding a co-solvent to said organic solvent; (e) modifying temperature and/or pressure; (f) separating a first rhamnolipid compound; and (g) separating a second rhamnolipid compound.

Abstract: A method of fractionating a mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) containing composition by loading the composition onto an adsorbing support, separating a fraction which is enriched in MELs from the support using supercritical carbon dioxide, and optionally separating one or more further fractions enriched in MELs from the support using supercritical carbon dioxide and an optional co-solvent. The MELs can be obtained at high concentration by using only “green” solvents.

Abstract: A method of fractionating a mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) containing composition by loading the composition onto an adsorbing support, separating a fraction which is enriched in MELs from the support using supercritical carbon dioxide, and optionally separating one or more further fractions enriched in MELs from the support using supercritical carbon dioxide and an optional co-solvent. The MELs can be obtained at high concentration by using only “green” solvents.

Abstract: A method of extracting at least one rhamnolipid compound from a rhamnolipid fermentation mixture, the method comprising the steps of: (a) admixing an inert adsorbing support with a rhamnolipid fermentation mixture; (b) dissolving the mixture in an organic solvent at a temperature higher than 31° C. and at a pressure higher than 73 bars; (c) separating at least one fatty compound; (d) adding a co-solvent to said organic solvent; (e) modifying temperature and/or pressure; (f) separating a first rhamnolipid compound; and (g) separating a second rhamnolipid compound.

Abstract: A mixture of the hard resins, lipids and waxes obtained by solvent extraction of hops can be effectively utilized in brewing processes to suppress foaming. The mixture is typically the residue obtained by extraction of hops with liquid carbon dioxide, or other solvents, followed by extraction of alpha acids, beta acids and essential oils from the whole hop extract. The mixture of natural products is at least as effective as silicone antifoams, and has been shown to improve fermentation rates because the presence of hop lipids has a positive effect on yeast metabolism.