Abstract: The clutch is adapted forum& in starting-and restarting aircraft turbine engines with a pneumatically operated starter turbine. The clutch assembly has one clutch member which is driven by the starter turbine and another clutch member which is connected to and drives the turbine engine. The starter turbine clutch member is translationally moveable toward and away from the turbine engine clutch member. Centrifugally operated flyweights are used to induce the translational movement of the clutch member. Proengagement flyweights are operable when the starter turbine is rotating to urge the starter turbine clutch member toward the turbine engine clutch member; and disengagement flyweights are operable when the turbine engine is rotating to urge the starter turbine clutch member away from the turbine engine clutch member.

Abstract: In a dynamometer, an internally cooled disc is utilized in a braking system which can apply a large amount of torque for an extended period of time. A hollowed braking disc comprising individual cooling cells is employed. Cooling liquid is injected into the center of the braking disc and, by centrifugal force, is forced into the cooling cells via a flow tube ring. The cooling liquid vaporizes in the cooling cells thus absorbing the heat generated. The vapor escapes the disc via vent holes. A unique torque measurement system is also utilized with its braking system. A resultant force, formed by the sum of individual forces upon braking pistons within the braking system, is measured utilizing a strain gauged load cell. The strain gauged load cell is strategically positioned to measure a resultant displacement of the braking caliper due to the applied torque.

Abstract: An improved compression release engine retarder or engine brake stores hydraulic fluid under pressure and then release the fluid at an appropriate time in each engine cycle to displace a slave piston and thereby open the exhaust valves for compression release. In one aspect of the improved brake, the hydraulic fluid is released by a master piston of variable length. The variable length master piston travels a fixed distance to the pressure release point so that the timing of the compression release is precisely controlled and independent of installation and engine component tolerances. In another aspect of the improved brake, an anti-jacking valve ensures that the hydraulic pressure displacing the slave piston and exhaust valves is dissipated thereby preventing the exhaust valves from remaining jacked open. In a further aspect of the improvement, the slave piston establishes and maintains a zero lash clearance with the valve crosshead during braking cycles.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided to increase the retarding horsepower of a compression release engine retarder driven from the exhaust valve pushtube or the fuel injector pushtube which includes a plenum communicating with the exhaust valve slave piston and the master piston driven by a remote exhaust valve pushtube or the fuel injector pushtube. A trigger check valve is located between the master piston and exhaust valve slave piston so that the initial motion of the master piston delivers energy to the plenum. At a predetermined point in the travel of the master piston, the trigger check valve is opened by the master piston to permit the delivery of the energy stored in the plenum to the slave piston. Additional pumping capability is provided by a second master piston while a control check valve communicating with the second master piston limits the intake of hydraulic fluid into the system after working pressures have been attained to that hydraulic fluid which may leak from the system.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided to increase the retarding horsepower of a compression release engine retarder driven from the exhaust valve pushtube or the fuel injector pushtube which includes a plenum communicating with the exhaust valve slave piston and the master piston driven by a remote exhaust valve pushtube or the fuel injector pushtube. A trigger check valve is located between the master piston and exhaust valve slave piston so that the initial motion of the master piston delivers energy to the plenum. At a predetermined point in the travel of the master piston, the trigger check valve is opened by the master piston to permit the delivery of the energy stored in the plenum to the slave piston. Additional pumping capability is provided by a second master piston while a control check valve communicating with the second master piston limits the intake of hydraulic fluid into the system after working pressures have been attained to that hydraulic fluid which may leak from the system.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided to increase the retarding horsepower of a compression release engine retarder driven from the exhaust valve pushtube or the fuel injector pushtube which includes a plenum communicating with the exhaust valve slave piston and the master piston driven by a remote exhaust valve pushtube or the fuel injector pushtube. A trigger check valve is located between the master piston and exhaust valve slave piston so that the initial motion of the master piston delivers energy to the plenum. At a predetermined point in the travel of the master piston, the trigger check valve is opened by the master piston to permit the delivery of the energy stored in the plenum to the slave piston. Additional pumping capability is provided by a second master piston while a control check valve communicating with the second master piston limits the intake of hydraulic fluid into the system after working pressures have been attained to that hydraulic fluid which may leak from the system.

Abstract: The invention is applicable to an internal combustion engine of the four-stroke cycle type equipped with a compression release engine retarder capable of producing one compression release event and one bleeder retarding event in each cylinder during every two revolutions of the engine crankshaft. This is accomplished by a novel articulated rocker arm assembly including a rocker member and a latch member in which the rocker member, engaged by the exhaust pushtube, is disengaged from the latch member, which acts against the crosshead, after a compression release event has occurred, but remains engaged if a compression release event does not occur. When the latch member is disengaged from the rocker member, the exhaust valves are held in a partially open position to produce a bleeder retarding event. A trigger valve acutated by the exhaust pushtube and rocker member vents the reatarder high pressure hydraulic system to initiate the bleeder retarding event.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are provided to increase the retarding horsepower of a compression release engine retarder driven from the exhaust valve pushtube or the fuel injector pushtube. The mechanism includes a plenum communicating with the exhaust valve slave piston and the master piston driven by a remote exhaust valve pushtube or the fuel injector pushtube. A trigger check valve is located between the master piston and exhaust valve slave piston so that the initial motion of the master piston delivers energy to the plenum. At a predetermined point in the travel of the master piston, the trigger check valve is opened by the master piston to permit the delivery of the energy stored in the plenum to the slave piston. Additional pumping capability is provided by a second master piston while a control check valve communicating with the second master piston limits the intake of hydraulic fluid into the system after working pressures have been attained to that hydraulic fluid which may leak from the system.

Abstract: A tool holder of the two-jaw type is provided which has the centering accuracy and gripping power of a three-jaw geared chuck. The tool holder includes a body having ways formed by a polygonal passageway which is perpendicular to the central axis of the tool holder body. The jaw mechanism includes a differential screw which mates, on one end, with the body of the tool holder and, on the other end, with a pair of anvil pieces. The face of the differential screw and the anvil pieces move toward and away from the central axis of the tool holder along the ways formed by the polygonal passageway and provide the tool-gripping means.

Abstract: A compression release engine retarder for a multicylinder four-stroke cycle engine is disclosed. The retarder incorporates an hydraulic pulse generator including a multichamber positive displacement pump of the piston and cylinder or gear pump type which is positively driven at engine speed or at half engine speed in synchronism with the engine crank shaft. Means are provided to adjust the timing of the hydraulic pulses so as to control precisely the opening of the engine exhaust valves and to maximize the compression release retarding power developed by the engine. Additional means are provided to control the timing of the hydraulic pulses in response to the boost pressure in the engine inlet manifold produced by the engine turbocharger.

Abstract: An hydraulic slave piston return mechanism is provided for an engine retarder of the compression relief type. The mechanism senses the position of the slave piston at the time when the engine exhaust valve has been opened. At this point, the hydraulic pressure on the slave piston is equalized by opening a passageway through the slave piston to an accumulator whereupon the engine exhaust valve spring immediately closes the exhaust valve. Thereafter, the accumulator returns the hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic circuit. The mechanism assures that the exhaust valve opened near the end of the compression stroke to produce the desired engine retarding effect is closed prior to the end of the expansion stroke without affecting the retarding horsepower produced by the engine retarder or the normal functioning of the exhaust valve during the exhaust stroke of the engine.

Abstract: A pressure relief system for an internal combustion engine compression relief engine brake is disclosed. The pressure relief system comprises a bi-stable ball relief valve associated with the high pressure hydraulic system together with damping means adapted to damp out rapidly the oscillations of the ball valve during the period of its opening so as to maximize the flow of hydraulic fluid through the bi-stable valve and minimize the time required to relieve the pressure in the high pressure hydraulic system of the compression relief engine brake. The damping means comprises a spring controlled ball valve guide which inhibits premature reseating of the bi-stable ball valve and maximizes the average opening of the valve during its operating period.

Abstract: An improved solenoid adapted for use in a solenoid actuated valve or switch is disclosed. Increased speed of operation and increased capacity result from the incorporation of a plate or disc type of armature which is relatively unrestrained with respect to the actuating mechanism for the valve or switch device to be operated thereby, whereby the effective air gap in the magnetic circuit may be substantially reduced.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided which is adapted to deliver or absorb variable amounts of torque or to deliver variable quantities of an incompressible fluid at a predetermined pressure. The device comprises a positive displacement pump capable of pumping a compressible fluid, an incompressible fluid or a mixture of a compressible fluid and an incompressible fluid together with appropriate pressure control and flow control mechanisms, check valve mechanisms and interconnecting duct means.