Abstract: Processes are provided for the syntheses of the human T-antigenic determinant 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(.beta.-D-galactopyranosyl)-.alpha.-D-galactopyran oside containing an .alpha.-O-glycosidically linked bridging arm O--(CH.sub.2).sub.n COR. The determinant is coupled to carrier molecules to form artificial T-antigens, and to insoluble supports to form T-immunoadsorbents. The artifical T-antigen is shown to elicit a delayed type hypersensitivity reaction as a diagnostic for the presence of cancer in humans.

Abstract: Processes are provided for the synthesis of the human T-antigenic determinant 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(.beta.-D-galactopyranosyl)-.alpha.-D-galactopyran oside containing an .alpha.-O-glycosidically linked bridging arm O--(CH.sub.2).sub.n COR. The determinant is coupled to carrier molecules to form artifical T-antigens, and to insoluble supports to form T-immunoadsorbents. The artificial T-antigen is shown to elicit a delayed type hypersensitivity reaction as a diagnostic for the presence of cancer in humans.

Abstract: Processes are provided for the synthesis of the human T-antigenic determinant 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(.beta.-D-galactopyranosyl)-.alpha.-D-galactopyran oside containing an .alpha.-O-glycosidically linked bridging arm O--(CH.sub.2).sub.n COR. The determinant is coupled to carrier molecules to form artificial T-antigens, and to insoluble supports to form T-immunoadsorbents. The artifical T-antigen is shown to elicit a delayed type hypersensitivity reaction as a diagnostic for the presence of cancer in humans.

Abstract: O-acetylated glycals react with ceric ammonium nitrate in the presence of sodium azide to provide, in good yield, O-acetylated 2-azido-2-deoxy glycosyl nitrates. These nitrates can be used to prepare 2-amino-2-deoxy sugars, such as D-galactosamine and lactosamine. The O-acetylated 2-azido-2-deoxy glycosyl nitrates can alternately be converted to O-acetylated 2-azido-2-deoxy glycosyl halides which are useful in the preparation of O-acetylated 2-azido-2-deoxy glycosides, which in turn can be reduced to 2-amino-2-deoxy glycosides. Of particular interest are the syntheses of 2-amino-2-deoxy glycosides which correspond to the terminal units of the antigenic determinant for the human A blood group. Attachment of these glycosides to a solid support provides immunoabsorbents which efficiently and preferentially absorb anti-A antibodies from blood plasma.

Abstract: O-acetylated glycals react with ceric ammonium nitrate in the presence of sodium azide to provide, in good yield, O-acetylated 2-azido-2-deoxy glycosyl nitrates. These nitrates can be used to prepare 2-amino-2-deoxy sugars, such as D-galactosamine and lactosamine. The O-acetylated 2-azido-2-deoxy glycosyl nitrates can alternately be converted to O-acetylated 2-azido-2-deoxy glycosyl halides which are useful in the preparation of O-acetylated 2-azido-2-deoxy glycosides, which in turn can be reduced to 2-amino-2-deoxy glycosides. Of particular interest are the syntheses of 2-amino-2-deoxy glycosides which correspond to the terminal units of the antigenic determinant for the human A blood group. Attachment of these glycosides to a solid support provides immunoabsorbents which efficiently and preferentially absorb anti-A antibodies from blood plasma.

Abstract: Carbohydrate antigenic determinants containing a glycosidically linked bridging arm are synthesized and coupled to carrier molecules to form artificial antigens, and to solid supports to form immunoadsorbents. Various artificial antigens of the blood group type are prepared and applications shown. Specific examples are given to the synthesis of the Lewis-a, Lewis-b, A, B, and H(O) blood group antigens; to the preparation of antisera to these artificial antigens, to the preparation of immunoadsorbents specific for antibodies to these antigens, and to the detection of such antigens wherever they occur.

Abstract: A process, and the composition therefrom, is provided for crosslinking of polymers containing hydroxy or mercaptan groups by reaction with polyaldehyde compounds, the crosslinks being thermally labile.

Abstract: O-acetylated glycals react with ceric ammonium nitrate in the presence of sodium azide to provide, in good yield, O-acetylated 2-azido-2-deoxy glycosyl nitrates. These nitrates can be used to prepare 2-amino-2-deoxy sugars, such as D-galactosamine and lactosamine. The O-acetylated 2-azido-2-deoxy glycosyl nitrates can alternately be converted to O-acetylated 2-azido-2-deoxy glycosyl halides which are useful in the preparation of O-acetylated 2-azido-2-deoxy glycosides, which in turn can be reduced to 2-amino-2-deoxy glycosides. Of particular interest are the syntheses of 2-amino-2-deoxy glycosides which correspond to the terminal units of the antigenic determinant for the human A blood group. Attachment of these glycosides to a solid support provides immunoabsorbents which efficiently and preferentially absorb anti-A antibodies from blood plasma.

Abstract: Carbohydrate antigenic determinants containing a glycosidically linked bridging arm are synthesized and coupled to carrier molecules to form artificial antigens, and to solid supports to form immunoabsorbants. These artificial antigens are used to detect antibodies to the carbohydrate haptens, and to raise antisera specific for the carbohydrate antigenic determinants. The immunoabsorbants are used to purify or remove antibodies to the carbohydrate haptens. Specific examples are given to the synthesis of the Lewis-a, Lewis-b, B, and H(O) blood group antigens; to the preparation of antisera to these artificial antigens, and to the preparation of immunoabsorbants specific for antibodies to these antigens.