Abstract: A fire-safe container includes a polymer polymeric IBC within a metal overpack. The metal overpack includes a manway surrounding a plurality of ports. Each port is on a projection form the polymeric IBC that extends into the manway through an aperture. A collar is disposed in each aperture between the projection of the polymeric IBC and the sides of the aperture such that the port is retained in the manway and preventing the port from contacting or collapsing through the aperture. The manway includes a burst disc to release pressure when there is pressure buildup. One of the ports can provide another burst disc to relieve pressure in the polymeric IBC. The polymeric IBC burst disc can release at a pressure that is greater than the pressure at which the manway burst disc releases.

Abstract: A fire-safe container includes a polymer polymeric IBC within a metal overpack. The metal overpack includes a manway surrounding a plurality of ports. Each port is on a projection form the polymeric IBC that extends into the manway through an aperture. A collar is disposed in each aperture between the projection of the polymeric IBC and the sides of the aperture such that the port is retained in the manway and preventing the port from contacting or collapsing through the aperture. The manway includes a burst disc to release pressure when there is pressure buildup. One of the ports can provide another burst disc to relieve pressure in the polymeric IBC. The polymeric IBC burst disc can release at a pressure that is greater than the pressure at which the manway burst disc releases.

Abstract: The invention relates to butanol compositions for fuel blending and fuel blends comprising such compositions. The compositions and fuel blends of the invention have desirable performance characteristics and can serve as alternatives to ethanol-containing fuel blends. The invention also relates to methods for producing such butanol compositions and fuel blends.

Abstract: The invention relates to butanol compositions for fuel blending and fuel blends comprising such compositions. The compositions and fuel blends of the invention have desirable performance characteristics and can serve as alternatives to ethanol-containing fuel blends. The invention also relates to methods for producing such butanol compositions and fuel blends.

Abstract: The invention relates to butanol compositions for fuel blending and fuel blends comprising such compositions. The compositions and fuel blends of the invention have desirable performance characteristics and can serve as alternatives to ethanol-containing fuel blends. The invention also relates to methods for producing such butanol compositions and fuel blends.

Abstract: The invention relates to butanol compositions for fuel blending and fuel blends comprising such compositions. The compositions and fuel blends of the invention have desirable performance characteristics and can serve as alternatives to ethanol-containing fuel blends. The invention also relates to methods for producing such butanol compositions and fuel blends.

Abstract: The invention relates to butanol compositions for fuel blending and fuel blends comprising such compositions. The compositions and fuel blends of the invention have desirable performance characteristics and can serve as alternatives to ethanol-containing fuel blends. The invention also relates to methods for producing such butanol compositions and fuel blends.

Abstract: The invention relates to butanol compositions for fuel blending and fuel blends comprising such compositions. The compositions and fuel blends of the invention have desirable performance characteristics and can serve as alternatives to ethanol-containing fuel blends. The invention also relates to methods for producing such butanol compositions and fuel blends.

Abstract: Compositions of oxygenated gasolines containing isobutanol are disclosed that have reduced vapor pressure compared to those containing a single oxygenate and no isobutanol. Such compositions can be formed at a refinery or at a terminal. Methods of reducing vapor pressure of an oxygenated gasoline are disclosed and methods of reducing vapor pressure constraints upon a refinery in the production of oxygenated gasoline are disclosed. Fundamental properties of isobutanol are disclosed including IR spectrum analysis. Processes and methods for blending and distributing these fuels are also disclosed.

Abstract: The specification describes a Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulator device in which the ridge containing the waveguides in the interactive electro-optic regions have re-entrant sidewalls. This shifts the peak in the RF field profile to below the surface of the ridge and closer to the peak of the optical field, thereby producing a device with reduced drive voltage.

Abstract: Integrated optical devices which utilize a magnetostrictively, electrostrictively or photostrictively induced stress to alter the optical properties of one or more waveguides in the device are disclosed. The integrated optical devices consist of at least one pair of optical waveguides preferably fabricated in a cladding material formed on a substrate. A stress applying material, which may be a magnetostrictive, electrostrictive or photostrictive material, is affixed to the upper surface of the cladding material near at least one of the optical waveguides. When the appropriate magnetic, electric or photonic field is applied to the stress applying material, a dimensional change tends to be induced in the stress applying material. The constrained state of the stress applying material, however, caused by its adhesion to the cladding material, causes regions of tensile and compressive stress, as well as any associated strains, to be created in the integrated optical device.

Abstract: A technique that involves selective removal of material from a surface of a polycrystalline diamond (polyD) film such that a non-planar surface results. Exemplarily the technique is used to form polyD optical elements, e.g., convex or concave lenses, or Fresnel lenses, including arrays of such lenses. The technique involves maintaining on appropriately shaped hot template body in intimate contact with a polyD surface for a time (e.g., in the range 1-1000 hours) sufficient to result in formation of the desired feature in the polyD surface. The template body involves a rare earth metal (La and Ce are preferred), Mn and/or Fe, and the temperature is below the melting temperature of the template body. Removal of "spent" template material by, e.g., chemical etching and finishing of the polyD feature, e.g., by laser ablation and/or polishing, are contemplated.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, an optical fiber phase shifter comprises a length of asymmetrical optical fiber disposed perpendicular to a magnetic field for providing a non-reciprocal phase shift. Preferably the fiber is wound in a circular coil and exposed to an axial field as from a pancake magnet. In an isolator, the fiber length and magnet strength are chosen to provide non-reciprocal phase shifts of .+-.45.degree. or .+-.90.degree.. The isolator including the phase shifter can be any of several configurations.

Abstract: An optical system useful, e.g., for near-field scanning optical microscopy is provided. The system incorporates a probe having improved properties. In one embodiment, the probe comprises a tapered and partially metallized portion of a single-mode optical fiber.

Abstract: An optical system useful, e.g., for near-field scanning optical microscopy is provided. The system incorporates a probe having improved properties. In one embodiment, the probe comprises a tapered and partially metallized portion of a single-mode optical fiber.

Abstract: An optical system useful, e.g., for near-field scanning optical microscopy is provided. The system incorporates a probe having improved properties. In one embodiment, the probe comprises a tapered and partially metallized portion of a single-mode optical fiber.

Abstract: An optical system useful, e.g., for near-field scanning optical microscopy is provided. The system incorporates a probe having improved properties. In one embodiment, the probe comprises a tapered and partially metallized portion of a single-mode optical fiber.

Abstract: An optical system useful, e.g., for near-field scanning optical microscopy is provided. The system incorporates a probe having improved properties. In one embodiment, the probe comprises a tapered and partially metallized portion of a single-mode optical fiber.

Abstract: An optical system useful, e.g., for near-field scanning optical microscopy is provided. The system incorporates a probe having improved properties. In one embodiment, the probe comprises a tapered and partially metallized portion of a single-mode optical fiber.

Abstract: The invention relates to optical systems comprising thin film optical waveguide isolators that are characterized by linear birefringence at least some wavelengths and temperatures. Disclosed is a method for using such a system at more than one wavelength and temperature.