Abstract: The present invention is directed toward a detergent composition including (a) in total in the range of from 4.0% to 25.0% by weight of at least one organic chelating agent selected from methyl glycine diacetic acid (MGDA), glutamic acid diacetic acid (GLDA), the alkali metal salts of methyl glycine diacetic acid (MGDA) and glutamic acid diacetic acid (GLDA), referring to the total solids content of the respective detergent composition, and (b) at least one enzyme selected from proteases. The present invention is also directed toward the use of the detergent composition for laundry care and for automatic dishwashing, and to a process for manufacture of the detergent compositions.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method and apparatus for measuring the transport of an analyte through a cell membrane. One or more cells expressing a plurality of ion channels are provided. These cells are loaded with the analyte so that the cells contain at least 10 picograms of the analyte within a volume defined by the area of an x-ray excitation beam and a depth of five times the 1/e attenuation depth for at least one characteristic x-ray signal of the analyte as attenuated by water. The unloaded analyte is removed and the amount of the analyte in the cells is measured with x-ray fluorescence.

Abstract: A homogeneous detergent composition includes an alkalinity builder in an amount of at least about 35 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the homogeneous detergent composition. The homogeneous detergent composition also includes a polycarboxylate for dispersing the alkalinity builder, and a solvent for further dispersing the alkalinity binder. The solvent is present in an amount of from about 20 to about 45 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the homogeneous detergent composition. The homogeneous detergent composition has a viscosity of at least about 15,000 cPs at 25° C.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method and apparatus for measuring the transport of analytes through a cell barrier.

Abstract: Preparation and use of tetra-C-alkyl cobalt dicarbollide for extraction of cesium and strontium into hydrocarbon solvents. Tetra-C-alkyl derivatives of cobalt dicarbollide, Co(C.sub.2 R.sub.2 B.sub.9 H.sub.9).sub.2.sup.- (CoB.sub.2 R.sub.4.sup.- ; R=CH.sub.3 and C.sub.6 H.sub.13) are demonstrated to be significant cesium and strontium extractants from acidic and alkaline solutions into non-toxic organic solvent systems. Extractions using mesitylene and diethylbenzene are compared to those with nitrobenzene as the organic phase. CoB.sub.2 -hexyl.sub.4.sup.- in diethylbenzene shows improved selectivity (10.sup.4) for Cs over Na in acidic solution. In dilute alkaline solution, CoB.sub.2 -hexyl.sub.4.sup.- extracts Cs less efficiently, but more effectively removes Sr from higher base concentrations. A general synthesis of tetra-C-alkyl cobalt dicarbollides is described.