Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for culturing Dipteran insects, particularly Hermetia illucens. The apparatus include a mating chamber that contains adult insects, and adaptations for the scheduled and/or metered introduction of inputs, such as: empty egg laying substrate, prepupae, bedding, carbohydrate (sugar) and/or water); and, the scheduled and/or metered collection of outputs, such as: egg laying substrate containing eggs, exuvia and bedding, and/or dead adults. The systems may also include adaptations to optimize the use of space, including the use of controlled environmental conditions within a confined space.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for producing insecticidal black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens) frass, and using the frass for nutritional and insect pest control activity in soils and/or on foliage. The methods include processes for using BSF frass to reduce damage to crops caused by wireworms (i.e., click beetle larvae, in the Elateridae family) and/or other Coleopteran (i.e., beetle) insect pests. Also provided is an insect trap comprising BSF frass.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for culturing Dipteran insects, particularly Hermetia illucens. The apparatus include a mating chamber that contains adult insects, and adaptations for the scheduled and/or metered introduction of inputs, such as: empty egg laying substrate, prepupae, bedding, carbohydrate (sugar) and/or water); and, the scheduled and/or metered collection of outputs, such as: egg laying substrate containing eggs, exuvia and bedding, and/or dead adults. The systems may also include adaptations to optimize the use of space, including the use of controlled environmental conditions within a confined space.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of inducing black soldier flies to emerge, mate and lay eggs is provided. The method involves exposing at least one male black soldier fly and at least one female black soldier fly to artificial light in an enclosed space The artificial light includes at least one wavelength in a visible spectrum and at least one wavelength in an ultraviolet spectrum.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for producing insecticidal black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens) frass, and using the frass for nutritional and insect pest control activity in soils and/or on foliage. The methods include processes for using BSF frass to reduce damage to crops caused by wireworms (i.e., click beetle larvae, in the Elateridae family) and/or other Coleopteran (i.e., beetle) insect pests. Also provided is an insect trap comprising BSF frass.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of inducing black soldier flies to emerge, mate and lay eggs is provided. The method involves exposing at least one male black soldier fly and at least one female black soldier fly to artificial light in an enclosed space. The artificial light includes at least one wavelength in a visible spectrum and at least one wavelength in an ultraviolet spectrum.

Abstract: A method for promoting maturation and development of vigorous conifer (gymnosperm) somatic embryos comprising the use of S(+)-ABA as the substantive form of ABA.

Abstract: A method for promoting maturation and development of vigorous conifer (gymnosperm) somatic embryos comprising the use of S(+)-ABA as the substantive form of ABA.

Abstract: A method for promoting maturation and development of vigorous conifer (gymnosperm) somatic embryos comprising the use of S(+)-ABA as the substantive form of ABA.

Abstract: A method for reproducing conifers by somatic embryogenesis is disclosed. A galactose-containing compound is used as a carbon source for an embryogenic culture during at least one of the steps of induction, proliferation, and prematuration.

Abstract: A method for promoting maturation and development of vigorous conifer (gymnosperm) somatic embryos comprising the use of S(+)-ABA as the substantive form of ABA.

Abstract: The selection and isolation of mature somatic conifer embryos has previously involved chemical based or labour intensive techniques. Disclosed are simple yet highly effective methods to sort somatic embryos according to maturity to generate a population of quality somatic embryos that exhibit a high probability of successful conversion and germination. The methods include liquid sorting of somatic embryos using an aqueous liquid having a specific solute concentration and/or a viscosity. In this way, embryos that have attained a degree of maturity (and preferably desiccation tolerance) can be separated both from embryos that are comparatively immature and importantly from significant quantities of proliferation material and other organic matter generated during embryo propagation.

Abstract: A method for reproducing conifers by somatic embryogenesis is disclosed. A galactose-containing compound is used as a carbon source for an embryogenic culture during at least one of the steps of induction, proliferation, and prematuration.