Abstract: A power converter includes a primary H-bridge with switches and an LCL-Transformer section with a first inductor with a first end connected to a first terminal of the primary H-bridge, a capacitor connected between a second end of the first inductor and a second terminal of the primary H-bridge, and a second inductor with a first end connected to the second end of the first inductor. The converter includes a transformer with a primary connected between a second end of the second inductor and the second terminal of the primary H-bridge, a secondary H-bridge with switches with an input connected to a secondary side of the transformer, and an output capacitor connected across output terminals of the secondary H-bridge. The primary H-bridge is fed by a DC constant current source and the output terminals of the secondary H-bridge have a regulated DC output voltage are connected to a load.

Abstract: An apparatus for a high-power reflexive field containment circuit topology for dynamic wireless power transfer systems is disclosed. A wireless power transfer (“WPT”) charging apparatus includes an inverter configured to connect with a direct current (“DC”) source on an input side and one or more WPT charging branches. Each WPT charging branch includes a WPT charging pad circuit with a WPT charging pad connected in series with a first series charging capacitor, a parallel charging capacitor connected in parallel with the WPT charging pad circuit, and a series charging impedance connected in series between an output of the inverter and a connection between the WPT charging pad circuit and the parallel charging capacitor. The series charging impedance includes a second series charging capacitor and/or a series charging inductor.

Abstract: An apparatus for a high-power reflexive field containment circuit topology for dynamic wireless power transfer systems is disclosed. A wireless power transfer (“WPT”) charging apparatus includes an inverter configured to connect with a direct current (“DC”) source on an input side and one or more WPT charging branches. Each WPT charging branch includes a WPT charging pad circuit with a WPT charging pad connected in series with a first series charging capacitor, a parallel charging capacitor connected in parallel with the WPT charging pad circuit, and a series charging impedance connected in series between an output of the inverter and a connection between the WPT charging pad circuit and the parallel charging capacitor. The series charging impedance includes a second series charging capacitor and/or a series charging inductor.

Abstract: A method for a dynamic inductive wireless power transmission includes providing an AC/DC power converter that receives three-phase power and provides regulated DC output current, connecting a trunk cable to the AC/DC power converter output and to multiple power transmitter modules. The trunk cable connects inputs of the power transmitter modules in series. The power transmitter modules transmit inductive wireless power over an air gap. The method includes providing a system controller that detects a vehicle containing a receiver coil and confirms if the vehicle should receive the inductive wireless power from the multiple power transmitter modules, and includes configuring the system controller to communicate with the AC/DC power converter to maintain the regulated DC output current at a constant value and transmit the inductive wireless power to the vehicle through the multiple power transmitter modules when the vehicle should receive the inductive wireless power.

Abstract: An apparatus for voltage sharing of series connected battery modules in a DC microgrid includes a battery management system and a battery module controller that generates, for an mth of N converters connected together to a DC microbus, a droop current ?d,m that includes a converter voltage error signal {tilde over (v)}err,m multiplied by a droop multiplier gd(i). Each converter is a DC/DC converter connected between a battery module, with one or more battery cells, and the DC microbus. The mth converter uses the droop current ?d,m, a common current reference ?all of a battery pack that includes the battery modules and an input current ?m to the mth converter to control switching of the mth converter. The common current reference ?all is from the battery management system. The voltage error signal {tilde over (v)}err,m is based on an output voltage {tilde over (v)}o,m of the mth converter and an average converter output voltage {tilde over (v)}avgeodcmastereodcmastereodcmaster.

Abstract: A power converter includes an unfolder connected to a three-phase source and has an output connection with three output terminals. A three-input converter connected to the unfolder produces a quasi-sinusoidal output voltage across converter output terminals. Switches of the converter selectively connect each of the three output terminals across the converter output terminals. A pulse-width modulation controller controls a first duty ratio and a second duty ratio for the converter based on a phase angle of the source and a modulation index generated from an error signal related to a control variable. The duty ratios are time varying at a rate related to a fundamental frequency of the source. The modulation index relates to output voltage of the converter, peak voltage or current of the source and/or peak current at the output terminals.

Abstract: An apparatus monitoring system stability of a DC power system includes a switching power converter with a control loop. The converter is connected to a DC bus of the system. A monitoring loop injected into the control loop includes a sensor circuit monitoring voltage and current of the DC bus and a small signal injector producing a periodic signal with variable amplitude and frequency and injects the periodic signal on a reference signal of the control loop. The monitoring loop includes a stability measurement circuit that varies a frequency input to the small signal injector until the periodic signal has a frequency equal to a system minor loop gain crossover frequency of an impedance ratio of a converter closed loop output impedance and an impedance of the DC power system. The monitoring loop includes a measurement output circuit that outputs a DC power system stability margin at the crossover frequency.

Abstract: A power converter includes a primary H-bridge with switches and an LCL-T section with a first inductor with a first end connected to a first terminal of the primary H-bridge, a capacitor connected between a second end of the first inductor and a second terminal of the primary H-bridge, and a second inductor with a first end connected to the second end of the first inductor. The converter includes a transformer with a primary connected between a second end of the second inductor and the second terminal of the primary H-bridge, a secondary H-bridge with switches with an input connected to a secondary side of the transformer, and an output capacitor connected across output terminals of the secondary H-bridge. The primary H-bridge is fed by a DC constant current source and the output terminals of the secondary H-bridge have a regulated DC output voltage are connected to a load.

Abstract: An power converter includes an unfolder connected to a three-phase source and has an output connection with a positive terminal, a negative terminal and a neutral terminal. The unfolder creates two unipolar piece-wise sinusoidal DC voltage waveforms offset by a half of a period. A three-input converter connected to the unfolder produces a quasi-sinusoidal output voltage across output terminals. Switches of the converter selectively connect the positive, negative and neutral inputs across the output terminals. A PWM controller controls a first duty ratio and a second duty ratio for the converter based on a phase angle of the source and a modulation index generated from an error signal related to a control variable. The duty ratios are time varying with a fundamental frequency of the source. The modulation index relates to output voltage of the converter, peak voltage or current of the source and/or peak current at the output terminals.

Abstract: A power converter includes an unfolder connected to a three-phase source and has an output connection with three output terminals. A three-input converter connected to the unfolder produces a quasi-sinusoidal output voltage across converter output terminals. Switches of the converter selectively connect each of the three output terminals across the converter output terminals. A pulse-width modulation controller controls a first duty ratio and a second duty ratio for the converter based on a phase angle of the source and a modulation index generated from an error signal related to a control variable. The duty ratios are time varying at a rate related to a fundamental frequency of the source. The modulation index relates to output voltage of the converter, peak voltage or current of the source and/or peak current at the output terminals.

Abstract: An power converter includes an unfolder connected to a three-phase source and has an output connection with a positive terminal, a negative terminal and a neutral terminal. The unfolder creates two unipolar piece-wise sinusoidal DC voltage waveforms offset by a half of a period. A three-input converter connected to the unfolder produces a quasi-sinusoidal output voltage across output terminals. Switches of the converter selectively connect the positive, negative and neutral inputs across the output terminals. A PWM controller controls a first duty ratio and a second duty ratio for the converter based on a phase angle of the source and a modulation index generated from an error signal related to a control variable. The duty ratios are time varying with a fundamental frequency of the source. The modulation index relates to output voltage of the converter, peak voltage or current of the source and/or peak current at the output terminals.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a battery pack with N battery bricks, each with a DC output voltage. The output of each brick is connected in series providing a bus voltage. Each brick includes battery power modules (“BPMs”) connected in parallel and each connected to a battery cell. Each BPM charges/discharges the connected battery cell. Each brick has a battery brick controller that provides a control signal to each brick's BPMs. A control signal of a BPM is derived from a BPM error signal that includes a battery cell current of the battery cell of BPM subtracted from a summation of an average current signal, a local droop current and a balancing current. The balancing current is based on a current SOC of the battery cell connected to the BPM and a desired SOC for the battery cell connected to the BPM. A BMS derives the balancing current for the BPMs.

Abstract: A wireless power transfer pad for wireless power transfer with active field cancellation using multiple magnetic flux sinks includes a ferrite structure, a center coil positioned adjacent to the ferrite structure, and a plurality of side coils positioned around a perimeter of the center coil and positioned adjacent to the ferrite structure. A direction of current flow of the center coil is opposite a current flow in each of the plurality of side coils such that current flowing in a portion of the center coil adjacent to a portion of a side coil of the plurality of side coils is in a same direction as current in the portion of the side coil.

Abstract: An apparatus for a wireless power transfer (“WPT”) pad heat management system includes a ferrite structure positioned adjacent to a coil configured to wirelessly transfer power. The apparatus includes a plurality of heat spreaders positioned along a length of a component of the ferrite structure. Each of the plurality of heat spreaders is non-metallic. The apparatus includes a trough shaped to surround at least a portion of each of the plurality of heat spreaders, wherein the trough is non-metallic. The apparatus includes a phase change material (“PCM”) in the trough where at least a portion of the heat spreaders extend into the PCM. The ferrite structure, coil, plurality of heat spreaders, trough and PCM are encased in a solid material, and each of the plurality of heat spreaders comprises a material that transfers heat from the component of the ferrite structure to the PCM.

Abstract: An inverter for wireless power transfer includes a primary inverter connected in series with a first primary inductor. A first primary capacitor is connected in parallel with the first primary inductor and primary inverter. A series-connected second primary capacitor and primary pad inductor are in parallel with the second primary capacitor. The synchronous inverter includes a controller configured to detect a first primary current in the first primary inductor to control switches in the primary inverter to provide a positive primary inverter voltage across the output of the primary inverter in response to detecting a positive first primary current, and control the switches in the primary inverter to provide a negative primary inverter voltage across the output of the primary inverter in response to detecting a negative first primary current.

Abstract: An apparatus for voltage sharing of series connected battery modules in a DC microgrid includes a battery management system and a battery module controller that generates, for an mth of N converters connected together to a DC microbus, a droop current ?d,m that includes a converter voltage error signal {tilde over (v)}err,m multiplied by a droop multiplier gd(i). Each converter is a DC/DC converter connected between a battery module, with one or more battery cells, and the DC microbus. The mth converter uses the droop current ?d,m, a common current reference ?all of a battery pack that includes the battery modules and an input current ?m to the mth converter to control switching of the mth converter. The common current reference ?all is from the battery management system. The voltage error signal {tilde over (v)}err,m is based on an output voltage {tilde over (v)}o,m of the mth converter and an average converter output voltage {tilde over (v)}avgeodcmastereodcmastereodcmaster.

Abstract: An apparatus monitoring system stability of a DC power system includes a switching power converter with a control loop. The converter is connected to a DC bus of the system. A monitoring loop injected into the control loop includes a sensor circuit monitoring voltage and current of the DC bus and a small signal injector producing a periodic signal with variable amplitude and frequency and injects the periodic signal on a reference signal of the control loop. The monitoring loop includes a stability measurement circuit that varies a frequency input to the small signal injector until the periodic signal has a frequency equal to a system minor loop gain crossover frequency of an impedance ratio of a converter closed loop output impedance and an impedance of the DC power system. The monitoring loop includes a measurement output circuit that outputs a DC power system stability margin at the crossover frequency.

Abstract: A method for a dynamic inductive wireless power transmission includes providing an AC/DC power converter that receives three-phase power and provides regulated DC output current, connecting a trunk cable to the AC/DC power converter output and to multiple power transmitter modules. The trunk cable connects inputs of the power transmitter modules in series. The power transmitter modules transmit inductive wireless power over an air gap. The method includes providing a system controller that detects a vehicle containing a receiver coil and confirms if the vehicle should receive the inductive wireless power from the multiple power transmitter modules, and includes configuring the system controller to communicate with the AC/DC power converter to maintain the regulated DC output current at a constant value and transmit the inductive wireless power to the vehicle through the multiple power transmitter modules when the vehicle should receive the inductive wireless power.

Abstract: An adaptive stability control system includes a direct current (DC) bus and one or more distributed controllers. The DC bus is configured to provide bidirectional pulsed power flow and energy storage. The distributed controller is configured to continuously measure an impedance of the DC bus and execute at least one adaptive control algorithm to regulate impedance of the DC bus to maintain stability of the bidirectional pulsed power flow and energy storage.

Abstract: A dynamic inductive wireless power transmitter (“DIPT”) system is disclosed. In embodiments, a DIPT system includes an AC-to-DC power converter configured to receive three-phase power from an AC utility source. The DIPT system further includes a trunk cable electrically connected to the AC-to-DC power converter and multiple power transmitter modules electrically connected to the trunk cable and connected to each other in series. Each of the multiple power transmitter modules are configured to transmit inductive wireless power over an air gap from the DIPT system to a vehicle containing a receiver coil. The DIPT system further includes a system controller configured to detect a vehicle containing a receiver coil, identify the vehicle containing a receiver coil, and confirm if the vehicle containing a receiver coil should receive inductive wireless power from the DIPT system.