Abstract: The present invention or dual fuel slagging gasifier provides the equipment, devices, process and methods for increasing the efficiency, commercialization potential and economy of coal/coke gasification. Entrained, fixed bed and water gasification aspects are combined to generate chemically clean high temperature gases from volatile carbonaceous fuels. A charge body of material including particulate solid low volatile carbonaceous material, quartzite, and a flux can be introduced into an upper portion of a slagging gasifier. Further, a finely divided carbonaceous material can be entrained, gasified at a high temperature and injected into a lower portion of the slagging gasifier. This high temperature heat can then be utilized to convert a stack injected steam and the low volatile carbonaceous fuels to additional fuel gas which enhances calorific value and flow rate of the entrained gas to increase energy conversion efficiency of the dual fuel slagging gasifier above that for all known commercial gasifiers.

Abstract: The present invention provides devices and methods for increasing the efficiency and economy of direct iron making processes. In one aspect, the energy contained in off gases produced during a direct iron making process may be utilized in a variety of ways to generate electricity. In another aspect, the off gases may be used to control the pressure in the reaction vessel and increase reaction rates and productivity. In yet another aspect, the sulfur content of the off gases is lowered which reduces the amount of scrubbing required before emission into the atmosphere.

Abstract: The present invention provides devices and methods for increasing the efficiency and economy of direct iron making processes. In one aspect, the energy contained in off gases produced during a direct iron making process may be utilized in a variety of ways to generate electricity. In another aspect, the off gases may be used to control the pressure in the reaction vessel and increase reaction rates and productivity. In yet another aspect, the sulfur content of the off gases is lowered which reduces the amount of scrubbing required before emission into the atmosphere.

Abstract: The present invention provides devices and methods for increasing the efficiency and economy of direct iron making processes. In one aspect, the energy contained in off gases produced during a direct iron making process may be utilized in a variety of ways to generate electricity. In another aspect, the off gases may be used to control the pressure in the reaction vessel and increase reaction rates and productivity. In yet another aspect, the sulfur content of the off gases is lowered which reduces the amount of scrubbing required before emission into the atmosphere.

Abstract: The invention comprises a system for introducing gaseous or vaporized fuels into a carburetor from a storage tank including a regulator connected between the tank and the carburetor for providing a supply of hydrocarbon fuel in a gaseous state at a regulated vapor pressure to a mixing chamber having air and fuel intake ports to blend said hydrocarbon fuel with intake air for injection into the carburetor. In a typical installation, the pressure change of the vacuum manifold alters the pressure within the mixing chamber to draw in fuel and air in proportion to a near constant equivalence ratio, due to the respective areas of the intake ports, over the entire operating range of the engine.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for producing synthetic gas by using a blast furnace as a gasifier. The furnace is charged in a conventional manner with particles of solid carbonaceous material such as normal, low grade or undersized coke together with slag-producing material, such as limestone, silica and/or basic oxygen furnace and/or open hearth furnace slag. Fluent fuel such as pulverized coal mixed with oxygen-containing gas and with lime if desired is injected into pre-ignition chambers near the hearth line of the furnace. The fluent fuel is ignited and partially gasified in the pre-ignition chambers, creating a hot reducing gas that enters the furnace raceway and passes upwardly into and through the body of charge material in the furnace stack. At the resulting high temperatures ash from the fluent fuel liguifies within the system to provide a liquid slag. Under a controlled high temperature reducing atmosphere, the liquid lime removes essentially all sulfur from the product gas.

Abstract: In a top blown oxygen converter, temperature of the molten metal is determined by measuring the total heat of the charge. The oxygen supplied through the lance is measured and the amount of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide leaving the converter are continuously determined. After the conversion process has progressed and after the metalloids have been oxidized, the total amount of lance oxygen and the total amount of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide leaving the converter are determined. The increase in temperature of the molten metal bath due to the exothermic reaction is determined by the total amounts of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide leaving the converter. The increase in temperature of the metal bath due to the exothermic reaction is determined by subtracting from the total amount of oxygen supplied, the amount of unreacted oxygen and the amount of oxygen consumed in forming carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and oxidized iron.