Abstract: The present invention provides a novel internal combustion engine of the annular piston type and a center shaft for such an engine for further improving the cooling an internal combustion engine of the annular piston type. The internal combustion engine comprises a block having at least one annular combustion chamber and an annular piston with a center chamber. The annular piston of the engine is configured to reciprocate in the combustion chamber. The internal combustion engine further comprises a center shaft being fixed to said block and configured to fit at least partially inside the center chamber of the annular piston. The center shaft comprises at least one passageway which is configured to lead fluid flow to and from the center chamber of the annular piston.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel internal combustion engine of the annular piston type and a center shaft for such an engine for further improving the cooling an internal combustion engine of the annular piston type. The internal combustion engine comprises a block having at least one annular combustion chamber and an annular piston with a center chamber. The annular piston of the engine is configured to reciprocate in the combustion chamber. The internal combustion engine further comprises a center shaft being fixed to said block and configured to fit at least partially inside the center chamber of the annular piston. The center shaft comprises at least one passageway which is configured to lead fluid flow to and from the center chamber of the annular piston.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system that dynamically integrates a set of communication networks to increase the overall heterogeneous network system performance and capabilities. In particular, the present invention relates to a technique of providing a Dynamic Heterogeneous Network System, and providing a Network Node entity and a Mobile Host entity into the system to support the heterogeneous network. The network system according to the present invention has an architecture that includes at least five building blocks including a mobile host (1), an access network (7), a network node (2), an AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) node (13), and an external network (3).

Abstract: A system and method for digesting cellulosic material to extract fermentable sugars, lignin, and pulp is disclosed. One embodiment comprises a continuous digester comprising a cellulosic material feed section including a pre-steam and impregnation zone, a sugar extraction zone, a lignin extraction zone and a cooking zone, the continuous digester to impregnate the cellulosic material with a mild acid solution and continuously digest the cellulosic material to extract fermentable sugars, lignin, and pulp.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system that dynamically integrates a set of communication networks to increase the overall heterogeneous network system performance and capabilities. In particular, the present invention relates to a technique of providing a Dynamic Heterogeneous Network System, and providing a Network Node entity and a Mobile Host entity into the system to support the heterogeneous network. The network system according to the present invention has an architecture that includes at least five building blocks including a mobile host (1), an access network (7), a network node (2), an AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) node (13), and an external network (3).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method in a wireless communications system (WCS) of controlling charging procedures for message services which enable transport of messages from a mobile station (MS) to a service center (SC), the method comprising transporting a message from the mobile station (MS) for example via a network node (MSC/VLR) to the service center (SC), temporarily storing the message at the service center (40), sending a first confirmation acknowledging receipt of the message at a service center (SC) to the mobile station (MS), and, if the mobile station (MS) acknowledges receipt of the first confirmation, routing the message from the service center (SC) to a recipient of the message and initiating a charging procedure (CU) for a message. The invention also relates to a network node (MSC/VLR) implementing this method and a wireless communications system (WSC) comprising such a network node (MSC/VLR).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method in a wireless communications system (WCS) of controlling charging procedures for message services which enable transport of messages from a mobile station (MS) to a service center (SC), the method comprising transporting a message from the mobile station (MS) for example via a network node (MSC/VLR) to the service center (SC), temporarily storing the message at the service center (40), sending a first confirmation acknowledging receipt of the message at a service center (SC) to the mobile station (MS), and, if the mobile station (MS) acknowledges receipt of the first confirmation, routing the message from the service center (SC) to a recipient of the message and initiating a charging procedure (CU) for a message. The invention also relates to a network node (MSC/VLR) implementing this method and a wireless communications system (WSC) comprising such a network node (MSC/VLR).

Abstract: A continuous pulp digester having an elongate horizontally aligned pressure vessel through which the wood chips and digesting fluid flow in a forward direction. In a first and second embodiments within the pressure vessel there is an inner container defining an elongate chamber or passageway having a square cross sectional configuration. In a third embodiment the digesting chamber is cylindrical. At locations along the digester, there are several pair of liquid flow inlets and liquid flow outlets which enable filtrate from a pulp washer and a digesting agent to be moved into and across the digesting chamber to flow out the flow outlets. These are recirculated in a net upstream flow pattern toward the outlet end of the digester, and discharged as black liquor at different locations in the digester.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method, an exchange, a telecommunication system and a mobile station for providing a temporary selective national roaming at predetermined network operation conditions, e.g. at network overload in a mobile radio communication system. A first switching means (MSC/VLR) of a home network (HPLMN) performs a negotiation with a second switching means (MSC/VLR′) of another network (VPLMN) which has free capacity to handle mobile stations (MS1-MS4) of the first network (HPLMN) which cannot be handled by said first network (HPLMN) during e.g. an overload condition occuring therein. When e.g. the overload condition occurs, a request message (RM) is first sent to the second switching means (MSC/VLR′) in order to enquire whether the second network (VPLMN) has enough free capacity to take over mobile stations (MS1-MS4) from the first network (HPLMN).

Abstract: A wood pulp digester comprising a containing structure defining a digesting chamber in which wood chips and processing liquor are contained under pressure. Liquor is moved from a liquor removal region in the digester through a strainer. Periodically a cleaning solvent is directed under pressure in a counterflow direction through the strainer to remove scaling that may tend to accumulate on the strainer.

Abstract: A method of rehabilitating a wood pulp digester, comprising applying to an interior surface of the digester wall a tacky silicone rubber layer, and then applying vertical strips of metallic sheet material to form a composition layer of said silicone rubber and said metal strips.

Abstract: A pulp dewatering and washing apparatus comprising a pressure vessel in which is contained a table assembly having a foraminous surface, in the form of a conveying belt, on which a pulp slurry is deposited. A differential pressure chamber in the table assembly is vented to a lower pressure location to cause a pressure differential across the pulp slurry to cause dewatering. Also, wash water is deposited on the dewatered pulp in sequential cycles to accomplish washing. A contact plate is provided to press the pulp slurry to aid in dewatering. The conveying belt of the table assembly on which the pulp slurry is deposited is stationary during the dewatering and washing, and then after the pressure differential between the vessel and the pressure differential chamber is reduced to zero, the conveyor belt moves the dewatered and washed slurry to a discharge location.