Abstract: An earth working roller for use in an earth working machine includes a roller drum, which extends in a direction along a roller axis of rotation, surrounds a roller interior, and has a circular outer circumferential contour, wherein a substrate breaking configuration is provided on the outer circumferential surface of the roller drum. The substrate breaking configuration includes a plurality of impact bars along the roller drum in the direction of the roller drum axis of rotation, as well as a plurality of breaker bars along the roller drum in a circumferential direction.

Abstract: An earth working roller for use in an earth working machine includes a roller drum, which extends in a direction along a roller axis of rotation, surrounds a roller interior, and has a circular outer circumferential contour, wherein a substrate breaking configuration is provided on the outer circumferential surface of the roller drum. The substrate breaking configuration includes a plurality of impact bars along the roller drum in the direction of the roller drum axis of rotation, as well as a plurality of breaker bars along the roller drum in a circumferential direction.

Abstract: An earth working roller for use in an earth working machine includes a roller drum, which extends in a direction along a roller axis of rotation, surrounds a roller interior, and has a circular outer circumferential contour, wherein a substrate breaking configuration is provided on the outer circumferential surface of the roller drum. The substrate breaking configuration includes a plurality of impact bars along the roller drum in the direction of the roller drum axis of rotation, as well as a plurality of breaker bars along the roller drum in a circumferential direction.

Abstract: An earth working roller for use in an earth working machine comprising a roller drum (30), which extends in a direction along a roller axis of rotation (D), surrounds a roller interior (34), and has an essentially circular outer circumferential contour, wherein a substrate breaking configuration (38) is provided on the outer circumferential surface (32) of the roller drum (30), characterized in that the substrate breaking configuration (38) comprises a plurality of impact bars (40) along the roller drum (30) essentially in the direction of the roller drum axis of rotation (D), as well as a plurality of breaker bars (44) along the roller drum (30) in an essentially circumferential direction.

Abstract: A device for disinfecting of gases and/or liquids, includes a tube of UV-transparent glass having a hollow interior space and a tube wall with a tube inside wall and a tube outside wall, as well as at least one UV-light source. The UV-transparent glass tube has an indentation extending into the interior space on at least one location and in the at least one indentation at least one UV-light source is arranged. The geometry causes the UV-light sources to be closer to the medium to be disinfected, so that a large portion of the UV-light reaches the interior space on a direct path through the glass, thus allowing for a low-loss transfer of the UV-light.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for shaping an elongated glass body 81, which is a glass tube or glass rod and has an initial profile, to an elongated glass body having a different profile. In order to be properly shaped, an elongated glass body 81 passes through, in a hot malleable state, a nip, which is formed by squeezing rollers 1 and which has a nip width which is less than an outer dimension of the initial profile. In order to accomplish an enhanced precision of the shaping process, according to the invention the position of at least one of the squeezing rollers is varied continuously so that a contact area between the respective squeezing roller and the hot glass body is varied cyclic reciprocating movement. Disturbing effects such as local overheating of the squeezing rollers or an accumulation of dirt or glass particles on the surface of the squeezing rollers can thus be effectively prevented.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for shaping an elongated glass body 81, which is a glass tube or glass rod and has an initial profile, to an elongated glass body having a different profile. In order to be properly shaped, an elongated glass body 81 passes through, in a hot malleable state, a nip, which is formed by squeezing rollers 1 and which has a nip width which is less than an outer dimension of the initial profile. In order to accomplish an enhanced precision of the shaping process, according to the invention the position of at least one of the squeezing rollers is varied continuously so that a contact area between the respective squeezing roller and the hot glass body is varied cyclic reciprocating movement. Disturbing effects such as local overheating of the squeezing rollers or an accumulation of dirt or glass particles on the surface of the squeezing rollers can thus be effectively prevented.

Abstract: A device for disinfecting of gases and/or liquids, includes a tube of UV-transparent glass having a hollow interior space and a tube wall with a tube inside wall and a tube outside wall, as well as at least one UV-light source. The UV-transparent glass tube has an indentation extending into the interior space on at least one location and in the at least one indentation at least one UV-light source is arranged. The geometry causes the UV-light sources to be closer to the medium to be disinfected, so that a large portion of the UV-light reaches the interior space on a direct path through the glass, thus allowing for a low-loss transfer of the UV-light.

Abstract: In the process a glass tube line is drawn from a glass tube production plant and the glass tube is severed from the glass tube line. At the same time the still heated glass tube is subjected to a selective local heat treatment of the at least one tube end section prior to cooling down completely in order to reduce the stresses in the respective tube end section. Not the entire glass tube but instead only the respective tube end section is subjected to the selective local heat treatment. The heat treatment is performed in particular in such a manner that the mechanical tensile stress in the region between 7 mm and 20 mm from the tube end or ends is reduced to below 6.0 MPa, more preferably to below 4.5 MPa.

Abstract: The glass tube assembly has an outer glass tube provided with a tapered section and an inner glass tube or rod, which is arranged inside of the outer glass tube and which has a spiral section. The tapered section is formed by one or more projections on the inner surface of the outer glass tube. Each projection extends in a longitudinal direction of the outer glass tube and does not extend around its entire circumference. The internal width of the tapered section is smaller than the outside diameter of the spiral section of the inner glass tube or rod, so that the inner glass tube or rod is reliably prevented from slipping or rotating out of the outer glass tube by its spiral section. A method of making the glass tube assembly is also described.

Abstract: In order to avoid deposition of evaporating alkali compounds on an inner surface of a hollow glass body during thermal processing to form a glass container from the hollow glass body, an overpressure is provided in the hollow glass body during the thermal processing. Either rinsing the hollow glass body with a gas, such as air, or at least partially closing the glass body at one end so that sufficiently rapid pressure equilibration is avoided, can provide this overpressure. The glass containers made by these methods are especially suited for food or pharmaceuticals because they have a reduced alkali release from their inner surfaces, for example at most about 2.0 mg/l sodium oxide.

Abstract: In the process a glass tube line is drawn from a glass tube production plant and the glass tube is severed from the glass tube line. At the same time the still heated glass tube is subjected to a selective local heat treatment of the at least one tube end section prior to cooling down completely in order to reduce the stresses in the respective tube end section. Not the entire glass tube but instead only the respective tube end section is subjected to the selective local heat treatment. The heat treatment is performed in particular in such a manner that the mechanical tensile stress in the region between 7 mm and 20 mm from the tube end or ends is reduced to below 6.0 MPa, more preferably to below 4.5 MPa.

Abstract: A method for fixing the location of a glass rod spiral (5) in a glass tube (2) for applications for the process treatment of a gas flow, wherein the glass rod spiral comprises a spiral-shaped glass tube or glass rod section (5) with a specified outside diameter (W), in which method the glass tube (2) is provided on its internal surface with at least one projection (3) not extending around its full circumference, so that a tapered section of glass tube with a specified internal width (w) is formed to be smaller than the specified outside diameter (W) of the glass tube or glass rod spiral. The projection extends in the longitudinal direction of the glass tube and has a length that is greater than the pitch of the spiral glass tube or glass rod section (5).

Abstract: The borosilicate glass has a hydrolytic stability class of 1, an acid resistance class of 1 and a lye resistance class of at least 2 and a composition (in % by weight, based on oxide) of SiO2 70.5-76.5; B2O36.5-<11.5; Al2O3 4-8; Li2O 0.5-2; Na2O 4.5-9; K2O 0-5; with Li2O+Na2O+K2O 5.5-10.5; MgO 0-1; CaO 0-2; and CeO2 0-1, and optionally refining agents. This borosilicate glass is preferably free of As2O3, Sb2O3 and BaO and is then especially advantageous as a pharmaceutical packaging material. It also may contain up to 3% by weight TiO2 to block UV radiation. The borosilicate glass may include up to 0.5% by weight ZrO2 to reach a lye resistance class of 1.

Abstract: In order to avoid deposition of evaporating alkali compounds on an inner surface of a hollow glass body during thermal processing to form a glass container from the hollow glass body, an overpressure is provided in the hollow glass body during the thermal processing. Either rinsing the hollow glass body with a gas, such as air, or at least partially closing the glass body at one end so that sufficiently rapid pressure equilibration is avoided, can provide this overpressure. The glass containers made by these methods are especially suited for food or pharmaceuticals because they have a reduced alkali release from their inner surfaces, for example at most about 2.0 mg/l sodium oxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a borosilicate glass of high chemicals resistance, having a composition (in % by weight, based on oxide) of SiO2 70-77; B2O3 6 -<11.5; Al2O3 4-8.5; Li2O 0-2; Na2O 4-9.5; K2O 0-5; with Li2O+Na2O+K2O 5-11; MgO 0-2; CaO 0-2; with MgO+CaO 0-3; ZrO2 0-<0.5; CeO2 0-1.