Abstract: A cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition containing an emulsifier comprising an ester of palmitic acid and technical grade triglycerol with the proviso that the monoester content of the ester is from 30% to 50% by weight.

Abstract: A process for preparing diglycerol in high concentrations and high yields by partially reacting glycerol in the presence of an alkaline catalyst to form a reaction mixture containing from 10 to 15% by weight of diglycerol and separating the unreacted glycerol from the reaction mixture in a wiped film or short path first distillation zone at a reduced pressure of 0.5 to 5 mbar and distilling a bottoms product from the first distillation zone in a second distillation zone which is a short path distillation zone at a pressure of 0.05 to 0.3 mbar to obtain a second bottom product containing at least 90% by weight diglycerol. Diglycerol of higher purity can be obtained by recovering diglycerol as a distillate from a third distillation zone.

Abstract: Oligoglycerol mixtures having a high diglycerol content are prepared by a process in which glycerol is condensed in the presence of zeolites corresponding to formula (I)M.sub.2/z O * Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 * x SIO.sub.2 * y H.sub.2 O (I)in which M is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal having a valency of z, x is a number of 1.8 to 12 and y is a number of 0 to 8. The water of condensation which is formed during the reaction, is continuously removed from the reaction mixture and the reaction is terminated when the quantity of water theoretically necessary for the formation of diglycerol has been separated.

Abstract: The physical and chemical properties of a pigment-containing, water-based lacquer dispersion are improved by adding thereto a partial ester of an oligoglycerol obtained by condensation of 2 to 20 moles of glycerol with a C.sub.2 -C.sub.18 fatty acid. The partial ester may be ethoxylated and/or propoxylated, and the fatty acid may be hydroxy substituted.

Abstract: The invention concerns the production of aluminum trihydrate crystal by the Bayer process, by digesting ground bauxite, filtering off the red mud, cooling the filtrate, and crystallizing out the dissolved aluminum hydroxide as gibbsite. Before and/or during the crystallization, polyglycerines of the general formula H--(OCH.sub.2 CHOH--CH.sub.2).sub.n --OH, where n is an integer equal to or greater than 3, are added.