Abstract: A Scottky diode arrangement comprises a metallically conducting plate and a semiconductive plate, one or both of which are provided with at least three raised portions which form electrically parallel Schottky contacts between the plates.

Abstract: A thermoelectrical arrangement comprises a thermocouple element, each limb of which has a heat flow at one point such that a large temperature gradient is present and, as a result, the specific heat conduction at this point is reduced.

Abstract: A field effect transistor comprises two semiconductor plates, discs or chips of the same type of conducitivity each with a structure of parallel ridges on one side, the two plates, discs or chips being assembled together under mechanical pressure with their structured sides facing and relatively rotated so that the ridges of one plate, disc or chips touch and cross the ridges of the other plate, disc or chip and form distribution of electrically parallel connected monocrystalline narrow path resistors, and a gate contact for each narrow path resistor. The invention also includes a method of making such a transistor.

Abstract: A bipolar transistor comprises a pair of monocrystalline semiconductor discs, plates or chips, one n-doped and one p-doped, one of the discs, plates or chips providing the base region and having an oppositely doped emitter region and a base/emitter p-n junction, and both of the discs, plates or chips having a structure of parallel ridges which face, cross and touch when the discs plates or chips are assembled together under mechanical pressure, the surfaces of the side edges of the ridges on the other of the discs being highly doped with the conductivity type of the base region whereby the contact surfaces between the ridges form parallel connected base/collector p-n junctions as a result of plastic deformation of the semiconductor material. The invention also includes a method of making such a bipolar transistor.

Abstract: A method for producing a semiconductor solar cell in which a layer of semiconductor material is applied to a substrate by means of plasma spraying. The energy density in the plasma zone is maintained sufficiently high that the semiconductor vaporizes and is brought out of the plasma zone in the form of a vapor jet, which is condensed on the substrate in the form of a semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A thyristor comprises two semiconductor plates, discs or chips, one n-doped and one p-doped, each having a structure of parallel ridges on one major surface and an opposite conducting type layer on the other major surface, two plates, discs or chips being assembled together under pressure with the structured surfaces facing and rotated relative to each other so that the ridges cross and touch to form pn junctions produced by plastic deformation of the crystal lattice and pnpn layer sequences. The invention also includes a method of manufacturing such thyristors.

Abstract: A method of producing electrical contacts on a Silicon Solar Cell comprises stamping contact shapes from a carrier with a metallic film or foil adhered thereto and applying the stamped out film or foil to the silicon surface to adhere thereto while removing the carrier therefrom.

Abstract: A silicon layer solar cell comprises a low resistance silicon substrate produced by powder metallurgy, to which an active silicon layer is applied. The invention also includes a method of producing such a solar cell.

Abstract: A method of producing silicon comprising producing a plasma in a gas flow laden with at least one silicon compound so that the silicon compound is reduced or decomposed to silicon and transporting the silicon which may have reacted with other material if present in the plasma and reaction products out of the plasma in the gas flow.

Abstract: A solar cell array comprising a plurality of solar cells connected together by electrical contact means comprising amorphous metal alloy conductors.

Abstract: An electrode system comprises two discs or plates forming an anode and a cathode, each of the discs or plates having a structure of parallel ridges and grooves on at least one of the main surfaces, the discs or plates being assembled together with their structures facing and orientated so that the ridges on one disc or plate cross the ridges on the other disc or plate and a membrane is located between the structured surfaces of the discs or plates so as to be abutted on both sides by the ridges thereof and form the grooves between the ridges into chambers on each side of the membrane.

Abstract: A magnetically controllable variable resistor comprises two separate elements between which a layer applied to at least one of the elements and a material with a magnetically variable specific resistance is sandwiched under mechanical pressure at least one of the elements having at least three tapering structures on its surface adjacent to the layer so that pressure contacts are formed in the region of these structures.

Abstract: A negative semiconductor resistance comprises two separate semiconductor elements of the same conductivity characteristic and with at least three areas of contact of a diameter less than 1.10.sup.-2 cm, a voltage being applied to the semiconductor elements such that it generates an electrical field which is greater than the breakdown field strength at the contact areas.

Abstract: A solar cell arrangement comprises a first plate or disc of light transmissive material, one side of the first plate or disc having a structure of light transmissive elevations tapering parabolically and cut off parallel to the surface of the plate or disc at the level of their focal points or lines, the structure having a layer of at least partially light transmissive electrically conductive material on the surface of the elevations and a second plate or disc of semiconductor or metallically conducting material, the plate or discs being assembled together to provide photo voltaic and electical contacts between the said cut off surfaces, of one plate or disc and the surface of the other plate or disc such that light passing through the first plate is concentrated at the contacts.

Abstract: A thermoelectric arrangement comprises a thermoelement built up of element limbs of strips, discs or rings formed from plates foils or layers, means for moving the strips discs or rings relative to each other and in touch contact at least at one print to form a bundle of alternate p/n and n/p thermoelectrical junctions and means, for enabling an electrical current to flow through the bundle perpendicular to the surface of the strips, discs or rings.

Abstract: An alternating current energy converter comprising a direct energy converter, the internal resistance of which is so connected into an alternating current circuit that current flows as rectified current therethrough and the reactance of the alternating current circuit is greater than the resistance of the direct energy converter.