Abstract: A method for the surface treatment of ferritic/martensitic 9-12% Cr steels and of austenitic Cr steels for the purpose of achieving increased resistance to oxidation and solid particle erosion at application temperatures of above 500° C., in particular of approximately 650° C., in steam, includes that the surface of the steel is shot-peened with particles of aluminum or of an aluminum alloy; optionally, in a subsequent step, the surface of the steel is smoothed to a roughness of <0.5 ?m, preferably <0.3 ?m. Following additional heat treatment is not necessary, and the parts thus treated may be employed, for example, as blades in steam turbines.

Abstract: A metallic component exposed to high temperature steam is provided with a coating comprising a thin primer layer deposited on the surface of the metallic component and a thicker overlay layer on top of the primer layer. The primer layer consists of highly ductile, oxidation resistant material such that it remains free of any defects over a long period of exposure. The overlay layer consists of an oxidation resistant, less ductile, and low-cost material. It protects the thin primer layer from mechanical damage and chemical degradation. The primer layer protects the base material of the metallic component from oxidizing steam that may penetrate through cracks of the overlay layer. Due to suitable choice of coating materials and thicknesses of the layers the coating is low-cost.

Abstract: A method for determining the fatigue strength of a corrodible connecting part between at least two structural parts, with the connecting part being subjected to specified corroding surroundings and a given repeated mechanical strain while being used. Diagrams (stress-number curves) that represents the variable of the repeated strain in relation to the number of strain repetitions until the destruction of the connecting part are used in order to determine the fatigue strength. First, a strain-free pre-corrosion of the connecting parts is carried out in a corrosive atmosphere corresponding to the corrosive atmosphere during the intended use of the part, in a time period after which the duration of the pre-corrosion has hardly any influence on the shape of a stress-number curve that is recorded subsequently.

Abstract: A metallic component exposed to high temperature steam is provided with a coating comprising a thin primer layer deposited on the surface of the metallic component and a thicker overlay layer on top of the primer layer. The primer layer consists of highly ductile, oxidation resistant material such that it remains free of any defects over a long period of exposure. The overlay layer consists of an oxidation resistant, less ductile, and low-cost material. It protects the thin primer layer from mechanical damage and chemical degradation. The primer layer protects the base material of the metallic component from oxidizing steam that may penetrate through cracks of the overlay layer. Due to suitable choice of coating materials and thicknesses of the layers the coating is low-cost.

Abstract: A sodium-sulphur electrochemical storage cell is bounded externally by a metallic housing, which has a ternary inexpensive corrosion-protective coating formed of an alloy with essential components consisting of aluminum, chromium and iron.

Abstract: A high-temperature storage battery includes a housing and a stack of at least two storage cells disposed in the housing. Each of the storage cells has components loosely disposed on top of one another in the stack. The components include two reactant chambers, a planar ion-conducting solid electrolyte mutually separating the reactant chambers, and planar components serving as electrodes and bordering the storage cells toward the outside. At least one common resilient structural element presses the components of all of the storage cells together in a leakproof manner.

Abstract: An electrochemical storage cell based on sodium and sulfur having an anode space and a cathode space, which are separated from one another by an alkali-ion-conducting solid electrolyte and defined at least partially by a metal housing. The metal housing is provided at least on its inner surface with an anti-corrosion film that as its essential components contains iron and chromium and at least one of (a) nickel and (b) cobalt. The anti-corrosion film is formed by an alloy the nickel or cobalt equivalent of which is less than its chromium equivalent.

Abstract: An electrochemical storage cell based on sodium and sulfur having an anode space and a cathode space, which are separated from one another by a solid electrolyte and are defined at least in some areas by a metal housing wherein the cathode space, in order to form the electrode, is filled with filamentary material of graphite or carbon that is saturated with sulfur. Between the solid electrolyte and the electrode of the cathode space, at least one intermediate film is provided, by means of which a sliding of the electrode along the surface of the solid electrolyte is assured.

Abstract: In an electrochemical storage cell of the alkali metal and chalcogen type, the closure has at least two closure elements which are plate-shaped at least in some areas. A first closure element is fastened to the housing and a second closure element is fastened to the rod-shaped current collector. All closure elements are additionally connected on the same side to the insulating ring of the solid electrolyte and are insulated from each other.

Abstract: Individual rechargeable electric cell with an outer metal housing, an electrolyte tube open at the top arranged coaxially in the housing, liquid sodium in the tube, a current collector extending down through the open end of the tube into the sodium, an alpha-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ring at the open end of the tube, a first flexible flange which connects the current collector to the ring attached to the tube via an aluminum ring, a second flexible flange connected to the housing and to the alpha-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ring via another ring, and sulfur in the space between the housing and tubular electrolyte.

Abstract: Process for the production of a porous aluminum matrix for the negative electrode of a galvanic cell, in the charged state, having lithium aluminum and metal sulfide elements (or electrodes). Aluminum powder is thoroughly mixed, e.g., by grinding, with a fine salt, which is soluble in water and which serves as an expanding agent. Coarser particles of the same expanding agent (about 100 to 500 .mu.m in size) are then added. The matrix is finally completed by hot pressing at a temperature of 150.degree. to 300.degree. C. and a pressure of at least 500 bar and by the expanding agent being subsequently dissolved out of the matrix using water.

Abstract: A rechargeable galvanic battery which contains liquid sodium, as the negative electro-chemically active material, and liquid sulfur, as the positive electro-chemically active material, and a ceramic solid electrolyte, which is capable of conducting sodium ions. The sodium is completely absorbed in a fine-pored metal felt or mat. The sulfur is completely absorbed in a graphite felt or mat. The metal felt has open pores which face toward the solid electrolyte. The pore structure of the metal felt is undisturbed even in the transition area between the metal felt and the solid electrolyte. The metal felt fills the entire anode space of the battery. At least at the operating temperature of the battery, an intimate contact over a large surface area exists between the metal felt and the solid electrolyte. The maximum distance between the metal felt and the solid electrolyte is in the order of the magnitude of the pore width of the metal felt.

Abstract: The device continuously determines the carbon monoxide content of air in the emission and immision range, and comprises an electrochemical cell including an acid electrolyte with a cathode and a diffusion anode in the electrolyte, the anode being depolarizable by carbon monoxide in the acid electrolyte. A current measuring device measures the current between the anodeand the cathode responsive to detection of a gas containing carbon monoxide effective on the diffusion anode. The cathode is made of an unpolarizable material whose oxidation potential is so high that no oxygen reduction takes place at the anode. The cell functions without an external current source, and the current measuring device is connected to directly across the anode and the cathode. The cathode contains substances with an oxidation potential of from 1000 to 1300 millivolts relative to a hydrogen electrode in the same electrolyte.

Abstract: An electrochemical measuring cell for the continuous measurement of sulfur dioxide content of the air in emission and immission areas, comprises a cell housing which has a test gas cell chamber therein for the connection for circulating the gas to be tested into the chamber. The chamber also contains a diffusion electrode which serves as an anode and which is made up of a reversible organic redox system. The cathode comprises an active mass having a redox potential higher than the redox potential of the anode. An immobilized electrolyte is disposed between the anode and the cathode and the anode and cathode are connected to a device for measuring the short circuit current. The diffusion electrode is manufactured from a mixture of chloranil and sodium tungsten bronze which is pulverized in a ball mill for sixteen hours and mixed with a polyethylene powder and sodium sulfate and is then compressed.