Abstract: A process for continuously preparing copolyamides from lactams and salts of diamines and dicarboxylic acids, in which lactams together with salts of diamines and dicarboxylic acids are passed from the top downward through a vertical polymerization tube at polyamide-forming temperatures, which comprises a) intensively mixing an aqueous solution of lactams with salts of diamines and dicarboxylic acids under elevated pressure which is greater than the vapor pressure of the mixture which arises in a mixing apparatus at a temperature of from 80 to 300° C., b) feeding the mixture thus obtained to a heated helical tube evaporator in which a liquid phase and a vapor phase form at a temperature of from 140 to 300° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing polyamides, comprising a hydrolytic polymerization and at least two extraction steps which are not in immediate succession.

Abstract: A process for continuously preparing copolyamides from lactams and salts of diamines and dicarboxylic acids, in which lactams together with salts of diamines and dicarboxylic acids are passed from the top downward through a vertical polymerization tube at polyamide-forming temperatures, which comprises a) intensively mixing an aqueous solution of lactams with salts of diamines and dicarboxylic acids under elevated pressure which is greater than the vapor pressure of the mixture which arises in a mixing apparatus at a temperature of from 80 to 300° C., b) feeding the mixture thus obtained to a heated helical tube evaporator in which a liquid phase and a vapor phase form at a temperature of from 140 to 300° C.

Abstract: A housing for a control device in vehicles is provided. The housing satisfies the requirements of acceleration transmission and reliable ground connection with a simple and inexpensive construction. The housing comprises a metallic shell that has parallel top and bottom walls, opposed side walls interconnecting the top and bottom walls and an open front face. A shaped carrier structure has a pair of opposed lateral edges. Both side walls of the shell have an internal groove extending parallel to and spaced from the bottom wall of the shell. The carrier structure is accommodated within the shell and has its lateral edges fitted in the grooves of the side walls.

Abstract: A housing for electronic control devices in motor vehicles comprises a generally parallelepipedal frame of plastics and a metallic envelope with spaced parallel top and bottom walls interconnected by parallel side walls and at least one open face. The top, bottom and side walls define a space and the frame is fitted into such space. The control device includes a printed circuit board and electronic components connected to the printed circuit board and engaged in shaped holding structures of the frame. The printed circuit board is located between the bottom wall and the frame. The printed circuit board is rigidly connected to the metallic envelope by metallic fasteners extending from the top wall through the frame and to the printed circuit board.

Abstract: A housing for a control device in vehicles is provided. The housing satisfies the requirements of acceleration transmission and reliable ground connection with a simple and inexpensive construction. The housing comprises a metallic shell that has parallel top and bottom walls, opposed side walls interconnecting the top and bottom walls and an open front face. A shaped carrier structure has a pair of opposed lateral edges. Both side walls of the shell have an internal groove extending parallel to and spaced from the bottom wall of the shell. The carrier structure is accommodated within the shell and has its lateral edges fitted in the grooves of the side walls.

Abstract: A housing for electronic control devices in motor vehicles comprises a generally parallelepipedal frame of plastics and a metallic envelope with spaced parallel top and bottom walls interconnected by parallel side walls and at least one open face. The top, bottom and side walls define a space and the frame is fitted into such space. The control device includes a printed circuit board and electronic components connected to the printed circuit board and engaged in shaped holding structures of the frame. The printed circuit board is located between the bottom wall and the frame. The printed circuit board is rigidly connected to the metallic envelope by metallic fasteners extending from the top wall through the frame and to the printed circuit board.

Abstract: A process for continuous extraction of polyamide particles in an essentially vertical extraction column using an aqueous extractant comprises using an extraction column that is divided into two zones and performing an extraction with a recirculating 15-40% strength by weight aqueous &egr;-caprolactam solution in the first zone and then with countercurrent water at a from 5 to 40° C. lower temperature in the second zone. The process provides for economical extraction of polyamides with a low level of monomers and oligomers.

Abstract: A self-adjusting electric tappet switch includes a housing, an electrical switch contact carried on the housing, a slider member movable relative to the housing and adapted to actuate the electrical switch, and an elongate tappet member extending from the housing and selectively engageable with the slider member. The slider member has a first engagement portion adapted to selectively connect with a second engagement portion provided on the elongate tappet member. The switch is self-adjusted by relative rotational movement between the slider member and the elongate tappet member to lock the pair together.

Abstract: A self-adjusting electric tappet switch includes a slider linearly guided in a housing for activation or closure of one of several electrical contacts and a tappet which is selectively rotatable relative to the slider for adjustment of the travel limit of the switch. The slider has a first engagement portion provided with engagements parts, and the tappet includes a corresponding second engagement portion having an oblong cross-section provided with spaced apart circumferential grooves. The switch is self-adjusted by relative rotational movement between the slider and the tappet to lock the pair together. In an installation and adjustment position of the tappet and slider system, the slider is held in a predetermined fixed switching position in the housing to permit relative longitudinal slidable movement between the tappet and the slider for adjustment of the tappet without causing any movement of affecting the position of the slider within the housing.

Abstract: Radiation-curable binders which are obtained by reactingA) an amine/formaldehyde condensate having a molar ratio of formaldehyde to amino groups of from 1:1 to 2:1 withB) one or more esters, having a free hydroxyl group, of acrylic acid or of methacrylic acid with polyalcohols which contain from two to four alcoholic hydroxyl groups, from 0.1 to 0.3 hydroxyl equivalent of component B) being used per methylol equivalent of component A),in the presence of a strong acid are suitable for use in coating materials.

Abstract: In the Czochralski crucible pulling of crystal ingots, in particular those of silicon and having particularly large crystal diameters, the degree of filling of the crucible is kept approximately constant during the pulling process by continuously adding solid or liquid recharging material. According to the invention, the known disadvantages of thermal disturbances and the introduction of impurities and particles are overcome by a recharging system with a gas-tight seal, comprising additional crucible, stock container for semiconductor material and dopant having the appropriate feedlines and an exhaust gas line. In addition, the process makes possible a regulatable and separate recharging of dopant via the additional crucible.

Abstract: In the Czochralski crucible pulling of crystal ingots, in particular those of silicon and having particularly large crystal diameters, the degree of filling of the crucible is kept approximately constant during the pulling process by continuously adding solid or liquid recharging material. According to the invention, the known disadvantages of thermal disturbances and the introduction of impurities and particles are overcome by a recharging system with a gas-tight seal, comprising additional crucible, stock container for semiconductor material and dopant having the appropriate feedlines and an exhaust gas line. In addition, the process makes possible a regulatable and separate recharging of dopant via the additional crucible.