Abstract: The person invention relates to a method for the electro-decarboxylation of at least one diene with carbon dioxide CO2 in the presence of hydrogen H2, forming at least one unsaturated dicarboxylic acid, wherein the reaction is carried out in a reactor comprising at least one cathode as the working electrode for the cathodic activation of CO2, at least one anode as the counterelectrode for the anodic oxidation of H2, with a volumetric ration of hydrogen H2 to carbon dioxide CO2 between 1:1 and 1:3, a total pressure pg in the reactor between 2 and 4 MPa, particularly preferably between 3 and 4 MPa, and an average current density j between 5 and 15 mA/cm2, particularly preferably between 10 and 12.5 mA/cm2.

Abstract: A template based process is used for the production of the nanowire structural element, wherein the nanowires are electrochemically depositioned in the nanopores. The irradiation is carried out at different angles, such that a nanowire network is formed. The hollow chamber-like structure in the nanowire network is established through the dissolving of the template foil and removal of the dissolved template material. The interconnecting of the nanowires provides stability to the nanowire structural element and an electrical connection between the nanowires is created thereby.

Abstract: The invention concerns the production of segmented nanowires and components having said segmented nanowires. For the production of the nanowire structural element, a template based process is used preferably, wherein the electrochemical deposition of the nanowires in nanopores is carried out. In this manner, numerous nanowires are created in the template foil. For the electrochemical deposition of the nanowires, a reversed pulse procedure with an alternating sequence consisting of cathodic deposition pulses and anodic counter-pulses is carried out. By this means, segmented nanowires can be produced.

Abstract: A template based process is used for the production of the nanowire structural element, wherein the nanowires are electrochemically depositioned in the nanopores. The irradiation is carried out at different angles, such that a nanowire network is formed. The hollow chamber-like structure in the nanowire network is established through the dissolving of the template foil and removal of the dissolved template material. The interconnecting of the nanowires provides stability to the nanowire structural element and an electrical connection between the nanowires is created thereby.

Abstract: The invention concerns a nanowire structural element suited for use in a microreactor system or microcatalyzer system. A template based process is used for the production of the nanowire structural element, wherein the nanowires are electrochemically depositioned in the nanopores. The irradiation is carried out at different angles, such that a nanowire network is formed. The hollow chamber-like structure in the nanowire network is established through the dissolving of the template foil and removal of the dissolved template material. The interconnecting of the nanowires provides stability to the nanowire structural element and an electrical connection between the nanowires is created thereby.

Abstract: The invention concerns the production of segmented nanowires and components having said segmented nanowires. For the production of the nanowire structural element, a template based process is used preferably, wherein the electrochemical deposition of the nanowires in nanopores is carried out. In this manner, numerous nanowires are created in the template foil. For the electrochemical deposition of the nanowires, a reversed pulse procedure with an alternating sequence consisting of cathodic deposition pulses and anodic counter-pulses is carried out. By this means, segmented nanowires can be produced.

Abstract: The invention concerns the production of segmented nanowires and components having said segmented nanowires. For the production of the nanowire structural element, a template based process is used preferably, wherein the electrochemical deposition of the nanowires in nanopores is carried out. In this manner, numerous nanowires are created in the template foil. For the electrochemical deposition of the nanowires, a reversed pulse procedure with an alternating sequence consisting of cathodic deposition pulses and anodic counter-pulses is carried out. By this means, segmented nanowires can be produced.

Abstract: Producing a nanowire structural element with a nanowire array between two cover layers forming a hollow chamber permeated in a column-like manner with nanowires. The process includes: preparing a template foil; application of a first surface covering electroconductive cover layer on a first side of the template foil; generation of numerous nanopores in the template foil; generation of nanowires in the nanopores wherein an electroconductive material fills the nanopores by electrochemical deposition, wherein the nanowires grow within the nanopores on the first cover layer; generation of a second surface filling cover layer on the second side of the template foil thus forming a sandwich-like arrangement of the two cover layers and the template foil permeated with nanowires; and clearing the structured hollow chamber between by dissolving of the template foil and removal of the dissolved template substance, wherein the two cover layers remain intact.

Abstract: The invention concerns a nanowire structural element which is suited for implementation in, for example, a microreactor system or microcatalyzer system. For the production of the nanowire structural element, a template based process is used wherein the electrochemical deposition of the nanowires in nanopores is ideally carried out at least until caps are formed and said caps ideally are at least partially merged together. After reinforcing the two cover layers the structured hollow chamber between the two cover layers is cleared by dissolving the template foil and removing the dissolved template material, wherein the two cover layers remain intact. In this manner, a stable sandwich-like nanostructure is constructed with a two-dimensional hollow chamber-like structure in the plane parallel to the cover layers contained on both sides by the cover layers and permeated in a column-like manner with nanowires.

Abstract: The invention concerns a nanowire structural element which is suited for implementation in, for example, a microreactor system or microcatalyzer system. For the production of the nanowire structural element, a template based process is used wherein the electrochemical deposition of the nanowires in nanopores is ideally carried out at least until caps are formed and said caps ideally are at least partially merged together. After reinforcing the two cover layers the structured hollow chamber between the two cover layers is cleared by dissolving the template foil and removing the dissolved template material, wherein the two cover layers remain intact. In this manner, a stable sandwich-like nanostructure is constructed with a two-dimensional hollow chamber-like structure in the plane parallel to the cover layers contained on both sides by the cover layers and permeated in a column-like manner with nanowires.

Abstract: The invention concerns a nanowire structural element suited for use in a microreactor system or microcatalyzer system. A template based process is used for the production of the nanowire structural element, wherein the nanowires are electrochemically depositioned in the nanopores. The irradiation is carried out at different angles, such that a nanowire network is formed. The hollow chamber-like structure in the nanowire network is established through the dissolving of the template foil and removal of the dissolved template material. The interconnecting of the nanowires provides stability to the nanowire structural element and an electrical connection between the nanowires is created thereby.

Abstract: The invention concerns the production of segmented nanowires and components having said segmented nanowires. For the production of the nanowire structural element, a template based process is used preferably, wherein the electrochemical deposition of the nanowires in nanopores is carried out. In this manner, numerous nanowires are created in the template foil. For the electrochemical deposition of the nanowires, a reversed pulse procedure with an alternating sequence consisting of cathodic deposition pulses and anodic counter-pulses is carried out. By this means, segmented nanowires can be produced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a metal membrane filter (1) and to a method and apparatus for the production thereof. The metal membrane filter (1) has rectilinear, cylindrical filter pores (2), which are arranged statistically distributed on the metal membrane filter surface (3) in a density of from a single filter pore (2) per cm2 up to 107 filter pores (2) per cm2. The average diameter of the filter pores (2) is uniform for all filter pores (2) and is from a few tens of nm up to several micrometers. The metal membrane filter (1) comprises a metal electro-deposited with rectilinear, cylindrical filter pores (2) or a correspondingly electro-deposited metal alloy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus having a nanodevice (1) for controlling the flow of charged particles in an electrolyte. Such apparatus comprises an electrolytic bath container (2) divided by a polymeric membrane foil (3) into a first (4) and a second compartment (5), wherein each compartment (4, 5) comprises an electrode (6, 7) connected to a voltage supply (8). Further the apparatus comprises at least one asymmetric pore (9) forming a via hole through said foil (3), wherein said pore (9) provides a narrow opening (10) of a diameter in the range of several nanometers down to about one nanometer on a front side (11) of said foil (3) and a wide opening (12) in the range of several ten nanometers up to several hundred nanometers on a back side (13) of said foil (3).

Abstract: The invention relates to a metal membrane filter (1) and to a method and apparatus for the production thereof. The metal membrane filter (1) has rectilinear, cylindrical filter pores (2), which are arranged statistically distributed on the metal membrane filter surface (3) in a density of from a single filter pore (2) per cm2 up to 107 filter pores (2) per cm2. The average diameter of the filter pores (2) is uniform for all filter pores (2) and is from a few tens of nm up to several micrometres. The metal membrane filter (1) comprises a metal electro-deposited with rectilinear, cylindrical filter pores (2) or a correspondingly electro-deposited metal alloy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus having a nanodevice (1) for controlling the flow of charged particles in an electrolyte. Such apparatus comprises an electrolytic bath container (2) divided by a polymeric membrane foil (3) into a first (4) and a second compartment (5), wherein each compartment (4, 5) comprises an electrode (6, 7) connected to a voltage supply (8). Further the apparatus comprises at least one asymmetric pore (9) forming a via hole through said foil (3), wherein said pore (9) provides a narrow opening (10) of a diameter in the range of several nanometers down to about one nanometer on a front side (11) of said foil (3) and a wide opening (12) in the range of several ten nanometers up to several hundred nanometers on a back side (13) of said foil (3).

Abstract: The invention relates to a sheet material having metal points (8) and surfaces (2 and 3) located opposite one another, wherein the sheet material (1) has through-holes (4) from one surface (2) to the surface (3) located opposite. Those through-holes (4) are filled with needle-point-shaped conical pins (5) or through-contacts (6) of electrically conducting material, whereas the surrounding sheet material in a preferred embodiment of the invention consists of an insulating plastics material (7). In a further embodiment of the invention, instead of the insulating plastics material (7) there are provided needle-shaped pins that are surrounded by air or some other gaseous medium. The invention further relates to a method for the production of such a sheet material (1) and to forms of use of the sheet material (1).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing nanostructures in membranes, in which method a membrane consisting of a polymer material is irradiated with charged particles, especially ions, to produce particle tracks. The particle tracks in the membrane are etched using an etching liquid and the etching operation is stopped using a stop liquid, in such a manner that asymmetrical structures are formed. Polyimide is used as the membrane material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sheet material having metal points (8) and surfaces (2 and 3) located opposite one another, wherein the sheet material (1) has through-holes (4) from one surface (2) to the surface (3) located opposite. Those through-holes (4) are filled with needle-point-shaped conical pins (5) or through-contacts (6) of electrically conducting material, whereas the surrounding sheet material in a preferred embodiment of the invention consists of an insulating plastics material (7). In a further embodiment of the invention, instead of the insulating plastics material (7) there are provided needle-shaped pins that are surrounded by air or some other gaseous medium. The invention further relates to a method for the production of such a sheet material (1) and to forms of use of the sheet material (1).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus having a nanodevice for controlling the flow of charged particles in an electrolyte. Such apparatus comprises an electrolytic bath container divided by a polymeric foil into a first and a second compartment, wherein each compartment comprises an electrode connected to a voltage supply. Further the apparatus comprises at least one asymmetric pore forming a via hole through said foil, wherein said pore provides a narrow opening of a diameter in the range of several nanometers down to about one nanometer on a front side of said foil and a wide opening in the range of several ten nanometers up to several hundred nanometers on a back side of said foil.