Abstract: A circuit is provided for multiplying a frequency by a cascade formed of a transadmittance having a transfer characteristic and a transimpedance having a transfer characteristic. The transadmittance includes two terminals for a signal of a first frequency and the transimpedance includes two terminals for a signal of a second frequency. A transfer characteristic of the transimpedance is steeper than a transfer characteristic of the transadmittance, and a modulation region of the transadmittance is larger than a modulation region of the transimpedance.

Abstract: An oscillator is provided having an oscillator circuit including at least one oscillator circuit inductor and a first oscillator circuit capacitor, whereby the value of the first oscillator circuit capacitor is reversible by means of the first control voltages between different stages. The oscillator is characterized by a first control voltage source, which applies first control voltages with at least three stepwise different values to the first oscillator circuit capacitor. Preferably, the control voltages are generated over a network of current sources and resistors, whereby the network compensates for the thermal response of the oscillator. Further, a method for operating this type of oscillator is presented.

Abstract: A semiconductor chip for producing a controllable frequency is disclosed, for example in transceivers. The semiconductor chip includes a voltage-controlled oscillator located in a first chip region of the semiconductor chip, a heat source, in particular in the form of a power amplifier and/or in the form of a phase-locked loop, that is located in a second chip region of the semiconductor chip, and contacts for contacting the semiconductor chip in a bonding process. At least a part of the contacts is located between the first and second chip regions in such a manner that it functions as thermal shielding between the first and second chip regions.

Abstract: A voltage-controlled oscillator, associated temperature detecting unit, and integrated circuit is disclosed. The voltage-controlled oscillator comprises a frequency drift compensation unit, which compensates for a frequency drift of the oscillator and supplies a compensation signal to a component having a voltage-controlled capacitance.

Abstract: A circuit is provided for multiplying a frequency by a cascade formed of a transadmittance having a transfer characteristic and a transimpedance having a transfer characteristic. The transadmittance includes two terminals for a signal of a first frequency and the transimpedance includes two terminals for a signal of a second frequency. A transfer characteristic of the transimpedance is steeper than a transfer characteristic of the transadmittance, and a modulation region of the transadmittance is larger than a modulation region of the transimpedance.

Abstract: A d.c. signal controlled oscillator includes a frequency-determining network having a control input and a modulation input. A phase regulating loop includes the oscillator and components that provide a control signal to the control input. A circuit apparatus for driving the oscillator includes a modulation generator that provides a modulation signal to the modulation input, and a circuit arrangement that autonomously generates a signal depending on and representing a slope of the modulation and provides this slope signal to the modulation generator, which generates the modulation signal dependent on the slope signal.

Abstract: An oscillator is provided having an oscillator circuit including at least one oscillator circuit inductor and a first oscillator circuit capacitor, whereby the value of the first oscillator circuit capacitor is reversible by means of the first control voltages between different stages. The oscillator is characterized by a first control voltage source, which applies first control voltages with at least three stepwise different values to the first oscillator circuit capacitor. Preferably, the control voltages are generated over a network of current sources and resistors, whereby the network compensates for the thermal response of the oscillator. Further, a method for operating this type of oscillator is presented.

Abstract: A d.c. signal controlled oscillator includes a frequency-determining network having a control input and a modulation input. A phase regulating loop includes the oscillator and components that provide a control signal to the control input. A circuit apparatus for driving the oscillator includes a modulation generator that provides a modulation signal to the modulation input, and a circuit arrangement that autonomously generates a signal depending on and representing a slope of the modulation and provides this slope signal to the modulation generator, which generates the modulation signal dependent on the slope signal.

Abstract: A circuit includes two internal current sources or sinks coupled together by a coupling element, which may be a direct junction as a summing element or a current mirror as a subtracting element. In an associated method, the currents of the two internal current sinks or sources are summed or subtracted by the coupling element to form an output current. The magnitudes and/or temperature coefficients of the two internal currents differ from one another. The temperature coefficient of the output current is determined by the addition or subtraction of the internal currents, and can be selected as desired, simply and economically, by appropriately selecting the temperature coefficients of the internal currents and the adding or subtracting carried out by the coupling element. The output current can even have a negative temperature coefficient, based on economical internal components having only positive temperature coefficients.

Abstract: In a flip-flop including a control element and a holding element, in which a first current causes the control element to set a logic state and a second current causes the holding element to maintain the logic state, the cut-off frequency is increased by dimensioning the transistors of the holding element to be smaller than the transistors of the control element. In other words the transistors of the holding element have a smaller current-carrying capacity than the transistors of the control element.

Abstract: In a flip-flop comprising a control element and a holding element, in which a first current causes the control element to set a logic state and a second current causes the holding element to maintain the logic state, the cut-off frequency is increased by dimensioning the transistors of the holding element HG to be smaller than the transistors of the control element.