Abstract: The invention relates to a chitosan-based transport system for overcoming the blood-brain barrier. This transport system can convey active agents or markers into the brain. The transport system contains at least one substance selected from the group consisting of chitin, chitosan, chitosan oligosaccharides, glucosamine, and derivatives thereof, and optionally one or more active agents and/or one or more markers and/or one or more ligands.

Abstract: Novel phosphonomaleic acid esters of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is an optionally substituted alkyl radical containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and, where n=0, may also be an optionally substituted aryl radical,R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 each independently is an optionally substituted alkyl radical containing from 1 to 16 carbon atoms,R.sup.5 is hydrogen, an alkyl or aryl radical containing from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, andn=0 or 1,are produced by reacting a base with a 1-halogen-1-phosphonosuccinic acid ester of the formula ##STR2## in which Hal is chlorine or bromine. The esters are useful as intermediates in the synthesis of sequestrants, corrosion inhibitors, stabilizers, flameproofing agents, pharmaceuticals and pesticides.

Abstract: Addition compounds based on:(a) phospholine oxides, phospholine sulphides, phospholane oxides or phospholane sulphides, and(b) mono-, di- and/or polyalcohols with a molecular weight of 32 to 250 or protonic acids whose N/10 aqueous solutions have a pH of between 1 and 8 or metal salts or acid chlorides are disclosed. These addition compounds are useful as catalysts for the preparation of carbodiimides, particularly carbodiimide foams which have improved properties.

Abstract: A process for the production of a relatively high molecular weight phosphoric or phosphonic acid aryl ester, comprising reacting a phosphoric or phosphonic acid aryl ester with formaldehyde in the presence of sulphuric acid at a temperature from about 10.degree. to 120.degree. C. Advantageously, the aryl ester is of the formula ##STR1## in which R is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, an aryloxy group, or an aryl group;R.sub.1 is a group OC.sub.6 H.sub.m R.sub.n in which m+n=5, an alkyl group, a haloalkyl group or an optionally substituted aryl group;R.sub.2 is a group OC.sub.6 H.sub.m R.sub.n, in which m+n=5; andn is from 1 to 3,about 0.5 mole of formaldehyde in the form of paraformaldehyde or trioxane is employed per mole of aryl ester, about 1.5 to 2 moles of sulphuric acid are used per mole of aryl ester, the sulphuric acid is employed as a solution of at least about 95% concentration, and the reaction is effected at a temperature of about 40.degree. to 80.

Abstract: A compound adapted to be used to advantage as a catalyst for making carbodiimide foams is prepared by a process wherein(a) a phosphetane oxide or phosphetane sulphide of the general Formulae I and II: ##STR1## wherein X represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.18 alkenyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.14 aryl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 aralkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkoxy or C.sub.6 -C.sub.14 aroxy group andR.sup.1 to R.sup.6 represent hydrogen and/or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl groups and is reacted with(b) a mono-, di- and/or polyhydric alcohol having a molecular weight of about 32 to about 250, a protonic acid which has a pH of between 1 and 8 in N/10 aqueous solution, a metal salt or an acid chloride.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a 3,4-dihydroxy phsopholane oxide of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents an alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkinyl or alkinyloxy with up to 18 carbon atoms and substitution products thereof; aryl and aryloxy having up to 14 carbon atoms and substitution products thereof; cycloalkyl and cycloalkoxy having up to 6 ring carbon atoms and substitution products thereof; dialkylamino having up to 6 carbon atoms per alkyl radical and substitution products thereof; and N-hetero-radicals, andR.sup.2, r.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently of one another represent a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl radical or hydrogen,Comprising reacting a phospholene oxide of the formula ##STR2## with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalytic amount of an osmium compound at a temperature in the range of about 20.degree. to 150.degree. C, especially about 35.degree. to 100.degree. C.

Abstract: In the production of isomeric five-membered ring cyclic unsaturated phosphine dichlorides by reacting an organophosphorus dichloride with a diene, the improvement which comprises carrying out the reaction in a carboxylic acid chloride. The product, without isolation, can be directly used in reaction with the carboxylic acid anhydride corresponding to the acid chloride to produce the phosphine oxide, the reaction producing additional acid chloride from the anhydride.

Abstract: An organopolysiloxane/polycarbodiimide copolymer comprising optionally repeating structural units of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl, alkenyl or aryl radical with up to 12 carbon atoms,R.sup.1 is an alkyl radical with up to 4 carbon atoms,R.sup.2 is a divalent hydrocarbon radical with up to 6 carbon atoms,X is oxygen or the group ##STR2## R.sup.3 is hydrogen or an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl or cycloalkyl radical with up to 8 carbon atoms,A is a divalent aromatic radical with up to about 40 carbon atoms,n is an integer from 0 to about 10,000,z is an integer from 1 to about 1500Is produced by reacting a stoichiometric excess of a diisocyanate of the formula A(NCO).sub.2 with at least one member selected from the group consisting of an .alpha.,.omega.-diaminoalkylpolysiloxane of the formula ##STR3## and an .alpha.,.omega.-dihydroxypolysiloxane of the formula ##STR4## in the presence of a carbodiimidization catalyst.

Abstract: A chlorosilane or partial hydrolysis product thereof is reacted with a siloxane and stable polymeric products of comparatively high molecular weight or high chlorine content are produced by effecting the reaction in the presence of a siloxane protonic acid equilibration catalyst in combination with a hydrogen halide acid. The hydrogen halide acid may be produced in situ. Representative protic acid equilibration catalysts include sulfuric acid, oleum, polysulfuric acids, sulfonic acids including aromatic, alkyl and perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids, and polysulfonic acids.

Abstract: Certain novel 2-chloroethane-(thiono)-phosphonic acid amido compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which X and Y, which may be the same or different, are oxygen or sulfur,R is hydrogen or alkyl, andR' is alkyl, or, if R is hydrogen or Y is sulfur,R' may additionally be phenyl which may be substituted by hydroxy, (lower) alkyl, halogen or nitroPossess marked plant growth regulant properties, e.g., selective herbicidal activity, growth promoting and growth altering properties.

Abstract: A process for the production of N,N-bis-(2-hydroxyalkyl)-aminomethane phosphonic acid dialkyl esters of the formula ##STR1## in which R is an optionally substituted alkyl radical with 2 to 10 carbon atoms, andR' is hydrogen or a lower alkyl radical with up to 6 carbon atoms,Comprising reacting an oxazolidine of the formula ##STR2## with a dialkyl phosphite in the presence of an acid ion exchanger. Preferably R is ethyl or isopropyl, R' is hydrogen or methyl, the ion exchanger is a sulfonated polystyrene resin and the reaction is effected at about 30.degree. to 120.degree. C, especially 60.degree. to 100.degree. C. The products are thereby obtained rapidly in higher purity than heretofore possible.

Abstract: A process for the purification of waste water produced in hydrazine production by the oxidation of ammonia or an amine with an oxidizing agent in the presence of an aldehyde or ketone, comprising intensively mixing the waste water with chlorine or a hypochlorite at a temperature of about 10.degree. C to 110.degree. C and a pH of about 5 to 10 until the treated waste water reaches a redox potential to platinum, relative to Ag/AgCl, of about -400 mV to +800 mV. Advantageously a small amount of waste water is distilled off both before and after the chlorine or hypochlorite treatment.

Abstract: A cyclic phosphine oxide of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is an alkyl or an aryl radical having up to 14 carbon atoms,R.sup.2, r.sup.3 and R.sup.4 each independently is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl radical, hydrogen, chlorine or bromine,X and Y each independently is oxygen or sulfur,a, b, and c each independently is 0 or 1, andR.sup.5 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl radical and, where a = 0, also an aryl radical and, where a = 1, an equivalent of a cation,R.sup.6 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl radical and, where b = 0, also an aryl radical and, where b = 1, an equivalent of a cation,Is produced by reacting an unsaturated 5-membered cyclic phosphine oxide of the formula ##STR2## with a compound containing a phosphorus-hydrogen bond and of the formula ##STR3## in which R.sup.7 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl radical or, where a = 0, also an aryl radical, andR.sup.8 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl radical or, where b = 0, also an aryl radical,In the presence of free radicals at a temperature of about 50.degree.

Abstract: A composition for coating paper, films and fiber materials, comprisingA. 4 parts by weight of a linear polyorganosiloxane with ends stopped by vinyl groups and having a viscosity of up to about 500 cP (20.degree. C) andB. about 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent containing Si-vinyl units and SiH units and comprising molecules with a maximum of about 10 Si atoms bonded to one another via oxygen, and wherein the two reactive groups are present in adjacent positions in one and the same molecule and the remaining valencies of the Si atom are saturated by methyl groups and the SiH groups are present in a ratio of about 1:1 to 2.5:1 to the total amount of all Si-vinyl units present in the composition,C. a platinum metal complex, the amount of metal being up to about 0.01 part by weight -- based on 100 parts by weight of total composition, andD. a diaziridine, the amount of diaziridine being about 75 to 250 times the weight of metal.

Abstract: In the inhibition of corrosion and scale formation in a water-carrying system wherein to the water there is added a phosphonocarboxylic acid of the formula ##STR1## in which R is hydrogen, an alkyl, alkenyl or alkinyl radical having up to 4 carbon atoms, an aryl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl radical, or the radical ##STR2## R' is hydrogen, an alkyl radical having up to 4 carbon atoms or a carboxyl radical; andX is ##STR3## the improvement which comprises further adding to the water about 5 to 500% by weight of the phosphonocarboxylic acid of at least one member selected from the group consisting of a benzimidazole derivative, polyacrylamide, polyethyleneimine, polyvinylpyrrolidone and lignin sulfonate.

Abstract: Certain novel .alpha.-alkyl-phosphonosuccinic acid compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R is lower alkyl, or alkenyl or alkynyl, cycloalkyl, or aralkyl are particularly suitable as sequestering agents, e.g., for incorporation into cleansing compositions.

Abstract: In the production of hydrazine wherein aqueous ammonia is oxidized in the presence of a ketone to form an aqueous solution containing at least one of a hydrazone and a ketazine along with ammonia, the hydrazone and ketazine are concentrated and the hydrazone and ketazine are subsequently hydrolyzed to hydrazine and ketone, the improvement which comprises effecting the concentration of the hydrazone and ketazine by extracting the aqueous solution with a substantially water-immiscible organic solvent whereby the hydrazone and ketazine preferentially enter the water-immiscible solvent, and separating the water-immiscible solvent extract from the aqueous solution. The organic solvent is preferably a higher alcohol, a chlorinated hydrocarbon, benzene or a substitution product thereof.

Abstract: An .omega.-perfluoroalkane sulfonamido-alkane phosphonic or phosphinic acid or salt of the formula ##EQU1## in which R.sub.F is a perfluoroalkyl radical with from 1 to 12 carbon atoms;x and n each independently is 0 or 1,Y is hydrogen or a lower aliphatic radical with up to 5 carbon atoms,Z is an aliphatic radical with up to 5 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic radical, andR is hydrogen, an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium radical.The compounds are useful as surfactants in depressing the surface tension of water.

Abstract: A process for the production of a ketazine of the general formula ##EQU1## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each independently is an alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl radical with up to 12 carbon atoms; or an optionally substituted aryl radical with up to 10 carbon atoms, at most two of the radicals R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 being aryl radicals, orR.sub.1 + r.sub.2 and R.sub.3 + R.sub.4 individually is an alkylene radical with from 5 to 10 carbon atoms,Which comprises reacting a 3,3-diorganyl oxaziridine of the formula ##EQU2## with ammonia in the presence of a ketone of the formula ##EQU3## Advantageously the oxaziridine is 3,3-dimethyl oxaziridine, 3,3-methyl ethyl oxaziridine, 3,3-diethyl oxaziridine or 3,3-pentamethylene oxaziridine, the ketone is acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone or cyclohexanone, the ammonia is used in gaseous form or in solution in water, and the reaction is carried out at a temperature of about -20 to 100.degree.

Abstract: Novel 2-chloroethanephosphonic acid and 2-chloroethanethionophosphonici acid derivatives of the formula ##EQU1## wherein X is oxygen 2-chloroethanethionophosphonic sulfur; and R is aryloxy, optionally substituted with hydroxy, alkyl, halogen, or nitro, or monoarylamino, or monoalkylamino of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; exhibit marked plant growth influencing properties, e.g. inhibition or stimulation or alteration of plant growth.