Abstract: Mixtures are described which contain reaction products of one or more amines with one or more epoxides and additionally isocyanates. Applying such mixtures to textile fabrics, especially polyester fiber fabrics, reduces or prevents unpleasant sweaty odor after physical exercise. The effects are very durable to laundering.

Abstract: Compositions useful for conferring a flame-retardant finish on polyester materials by means of an exhaust process comprise a triester of phosphoric acid, a polyester and an amine or ammonium salt as well as water.

Abstract: Compositions useful for conferring a flame-retardant finish on polyester materials by means of an exhaust process comprise a triester of phosphoric acid, a polyester and an amine or ammonium salt as well as water.

Abstract: Compositions comprising triesters of phosphoric acid and polyesters based on carboxylic acid and aromatics-free alcohol are useful for treating fiber materials. Flame-retardant properties are bestowed on the fiber materials, for example woven fabrics comprising polyester, by the treatment.

Abstract: In the case of fiber products, flame-retardant properties can be achieved by applying a polyethylenimine and a phosphonic acid to the fiber products or to precursors thereof. The fiber products may be sheet-like textile structures in the form of woven fabrics or they may be yarns or fiberboards. The precursors of the fiber products may be aqueous fiber suspensions which are further processed to give paper or fiberboards.

Abstract: In the case of fiber materials in the form of sheet-like textile structures or yarns, flame-retardant properties can be achieved by applying a polyethylenimine and a phosphonic acid to the fiber materials.

Abstract: In the case of fiber products which contain from 20 to 100% by weight of cellulose fibers, flame-retardant properties can be achieved by applying a polyethylenimine and a phosphonic acid to the fiber products or to precursors thereof. The precursors of the fiber products may be aqueous fiber suspensions which are further processed to give paper or fiberboards.

Abstract: Compositions are described that are obtainable by preparing a mixture of methanephosphonic acid, boric acid, water and optionally urea and subsequently adding dicyandiamide and/or guanylurea to this mixture. The compositions thus obtained are useful for conferring a flame-retardant finish on fibrous materials, especially on woven fabrics composed of cellulosic fibers.

Abstract: Compositions are described that are obtainable by preparing a mixture of methanephosphonic acid, boric acid, water and optionally urea and subsequently adding dicyandiamide and/or guanylurea to this mixture. The compositions thus obtained are useful for conferring a flame-retardant finish on fibrous materials, especially on woven fabrics composed of cellulosic fibers.

Abstract: Described is a method for manufacturing of carrier element modules of a thin carrier element (4) and a thereon mounted semiconductor chip (2). This method renders possible the application of chips (2) with great dimensions (macro-chips) and a wide variety of different types. A chip transfer moulding process is designed so that a minimised height--without the need for reworking--is achievable, and therefore a less costly surface mounting of the chips can be applied. The manufactured module according to the invention can be used as well as in flexible circuit boards (e.g. for cameras) or in chipcards. The method according to the present invention has a first step of putting the at least one IC (2) onto the carrier element (4), a second step of contacting the at least one IC (2) with the carrier element (4) and a third step of transfer moulding a transfer moulding compound (18) to encapsulate the IC (2).

Abstract: The addition of acid diesters of phosphorous acid onto alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives under basic catalysis is achieved with good yields if it is carried out in the presence of alkali metal alcoholates or phenolates and in the presence of halides, oxides or hydroxides of divalent metals. Co-use of these metal compounds allows relatively small mounts of metal alcoholates or phenolates to be used. The resulting reaction mixtures do not contain relatively large amounts of troublesome by-products.

Abstract: Compositions which, in the form of aqueous dispersions or of solutions in organic solvents, are suitable for the treatment of fiber materials can be obtained by reaction of organic phosphites and quinones and subsequent reaction with mono-, di- or polyisocyanates. Flame-retardant properties having a good permanence are imparted, above all, to fabrics comprising polyester fibers by this procedure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a digital phase detector for use with a phase-locked loop (PLL) system, to which there is fed a reference signal and a comparison signal and which, in accordance with the phase difference transmits an output signal for controlling a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). In conventional types of phase detectors there exists the danger that subsequently to a failure or interruption of the reference signal, the phase detector in certain cases controls the phase difference, following the restarting, not to zero but to 2.pi.. In order to prevent this, the invention proposes the phase detector to be preceded by a correction circuit delaying the switching of the signals to the phase detector, following the restarting of the reference signal, in such a way that the trailing edge of the reference signal is applied to the phase detector either simultaneously with or with a time delay after the trailing edge of the comparison signal.