Abstract: The invention relates to the use of isopalmitic acid esters of branched aliphatic polyols containing 2 to 6 primary hydroxyl groups and 4 to 10 carbon atoms as a base oil for two-stroke engine lubricants. The isopalmitic acid esters are low in viscosity, even at low temperatures, and do not crystallize out in gasoline, even over periods of several days.

Abstract: Described are mixtures of esters of carboxylic acids branched at the 2 position and polyol mixtures comprising 60 to 99.9% by weight of branched saturated aliphatic polyols with 2 to 6 primary hydroxy groups and 4 to 10 C atoms and 0.1 to 40% by weight of unbranched saturated aliphatic diols with 2 to 12 C atoms. In spite of the branched chain, such acids can be esterified very rapidly, the resulting esters being suitable for use as lubricants.

Abstract: An environment-friendly basic oil based on natural materials for the formulation of hydraulic oils having improved viscosity at elevated temperature and lower pour point contains rapeseed oil or soybean oil as the main component, an antioxidant selected from methoxyphenol, ethoxyphenol, butyl hydroxyanisole, butyl hydroxytoluene, methoxyhydroquinone, ethoxyhydroquinone, tertiary butyl hydroquinone, and tocopherol, and an ester of a monocarboxylic acid or a fatty acid.

Abstract: A water-soluble, foam-inhibiting universal lubricant composition based on an aqueous self-emulsifying synthetic oil solution and an anti-foaming agent. The oil is an ethoxylated dimeric fatty acid, and the anti-foaming agent is made up of a Guerbet alcohol and a metal soap.

Abstract: A low-viscosity lubricant composition stable to high and low temperatures containing an ester oil which is the esterfication product of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 8 or 9 carbon atoms and a branched Guerbet alcohol having from 12 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A synergistic effect on the viscosity behavior of oils is obtained by the addition of a combination of from 0.1% to 10% by weight of a high-melting glyceride of saturated fatty acids (C.sub.14 -C.sub.24) melting above 50.degree. C. (A) and from 0.2% to 10% by weight of a highly dispersed, pyrogenic silica (B), the weight ratio of (A) to (B) amounting to between 20:80 and 80:20. A distinct increase in viscosity may be obtained with relatively small additions of from 0.1% to 1.0% by weight of (A) and from 0.2% to 2% by weight of (B); additions of 1% by weight of (A) and 2% by weight of (B) in a ratio by weight of (A) to (B) of from 25:75 to 50:50 are required to obtain a pasty consistency. Liquid unsaturated triglyceride oils and/or unsaturated fatty acid esters of higher fatty alcohols containing said high-melting glycerides and pyrogenic silica have utility as parting oils for baked goods.