Abstract: The invention relates to coating compositions used to prepare coatings having water vapor permeabilities of at least 2500 g/m.sup.2 per day (DS 2109 TM1 method) containing(A) a polyurethane containing (1) 0.1 to 75 meq/100 g of ionic groups and (2) 11 to 50% by weight of --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of coating compositions to prepare coatings having water vapor permeabilities of at least 2500 g/m.sup.2 per day (DS 2109 TM1 method) containing(A) a polyurethane containing (1) 0.1 to 75 meq/100 g of ionic groups and (2) 11 to 50% by weight of --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of N,N'-disubstituted 1,4-diaminoanthraquinones has been found which is characterized in that 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinones are reacted with aliphatic or aromatic amines in the presence of a hydroxycarboxylic acid as a condensation auxiliary.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a substituted or unsubstituted quinacridone by oxidation of a substituted or unsubstituted dihydroquinacridone with oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of alkali, a solvent or diluent and an oxygen transfer agent, which is characterized in that the oxidation is carried out in the presence of a quaternary ammonium compound.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2,5-diarylaminoterephthalic acids by oxidation of 2,5-diarylamino-3,6-dihydroterephthalic acid esters using oxygen or oxygen-containing gases, preferably air, in alcoholic-alkaline or alcoholic-aqueous-alkaline solution or suspension in the presence of an oxygen-transferring agent and working up to give the 2,5-diarylaminoterephthalic acids, characterized in that the oxidation is carried out in the presence of quaternary ammonium compound.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a 6,13-dihydroquinacridone of the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 designate hydrogen or substituents customary for quinacridone, characterized in that an optionally substituted dialkyl 2,5-di-(phenylamino)-3,6-dihydroterephthalate is heated to temperatures of 240.degree.-320.degree. C. in an essentially oxygen-free atmosphere in the presence of a dimethyl-diphenyl ether isomer mixture of the formula ##STR2## as the solvent and/or diluent, and a process for the preparation of optionally substituted quinacridone, characterized in that the resulting 6,13-dihydroquinacridone is oxidized in the customary manner.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of thioindigo compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which A and B designate identical or different, optionally substituted benzene rings or benzene rings to which further carbocyclic and heterocyclic rings can be fused,characterized in that compounds of the formula ##STR2## in which A and B have the abovementioned meaning, are reacted in a mixture of chlorosulphonic acid and a further halide of an inorganic acid and, if appropriate, the resulting reaction product is oxidized in a manner which is in itself known and the batch is worked up to give compounds of the formula (I).

Abstract: A process, which does not pollute the environment, for the preparation of quinizarin consists in reacting a mixture of phthalic anhydride p-chlorophenol, sulphuric acid and boric acid or boric anhydride at elevated temperatures in such a way that, in the reaction mixture, there is sulphuric acid preferably containing 10-20% of free SO.sub.3 and the weight ratio of p-chlorophenol to the total amount of H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 +SO.sub.3 is 1:1.5 to 4.0. Yields and purity of the product are outstanding, despite the concentrated procedure.

Abstract: 1,4-Diaminoanthraquinone-2,3-disulphonic acid, which is a valuable dyestuff intermediate product, is obtained in a simple manner when 1,4-diamino-2,3-dichloroanthraquinone is reacted by itself with boric acid, that is to say without the condensation agents which are otherwise customary, such as phenol, sulphuric acid or acetic anhydride, and the reaction product is treated with alkali metal sulphites in a known manner.The new process is more economical and pollutes the environment to a lesser extent than the processes known hitherto.

Abstract: Copper phthalocyanine is obtained in high yields when phthalic acid or derivatives thereof, urea or urea derivatives, copper salts and ammonium molybdate or heated to 200.degree.-300.degree. C. without stirring, so slowly that the components are mixed sufficiently by heat convection during the liquid phase which occurs transitionally.

Abstract: A process for concentrating at least one of (a) individual halogenoanthraquinones (b) binary mixtures of di-halogenoanthraquinones and (c) binary mixtures of trihalogenoanthraquinones, from a mixture containing at least two halogenoanthraquinones, comprising subjecting said mixture containing at least two halogenoanthraquinones to fractional vacuum distillation in a heated rectification column having an efficiency corresponding to about 20 to 50 theoretical stages with an absolute pressure at the top of about 0.5 to 50 mm Hg and a reflux to take-off ratio of about 5/1 to 50/1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of water-insoluble chlorine-containing diaminodihydroxyanthraquinone dyestuffs. The process consists in that 2,8-dichloro-1,5-dinitroanthraquinone and/or 2,5-dichloro-1,8-dinitroanthraquinone is warmed with sulphur in concentrated sulphuric acid having a maximum SO.sub.3 content of 20% - possibly in the presence of boric acid - the resulting compounds are, if appropriate, post-halogenated and/or alkylated, preferably in the same reaction batch.The main advantage of this process is that it starts from 1,6- and/or 1,7-dichloroanthraquinone, for which there was hitherto no industrial use, but which unavoidably also arise during the synthesis 1,5- and 1,8-dichloroanthraquinones.

Abstract: The invention relates to the preparation of anthraquinone disperse dyestuffs from aqueous solutions containing anthraquinone-sulphonic acid mixtures, especially from appropriate waste waters by treating such solutions with chloric acid/hydrochloric acid or their salts or activated halogene, isolating the halogenoanthraquinones thereby obtained, subjecting them to dinitration and warming the dinitrohalogenoanthraquinones thus obtained with elementary sulphur in sulphuric acid optionally in the presence of boric acid. The reaction products are .beta.-halogenated diaminodihydroxyanthraquinones which are suitable for the dyeing of polyesters and polyamides in blue shades with good fastness properties.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of practically mercury-free anthraquinonesulphonic acids, characterized in that anthraquinone is sulphonated with sulphuric acid containing SO.sub.3 in the presence of catalysts containing mercury, at elevated temperature, the sulphonation mixture, if appropriate after dilution with water, is subsequently treated with an inorganic or organic compound of divalent sulphur and thereafter, if appropriate following dilution with water, the mercury compounds present in an insoluble form are separated off and the anthraquinonesulphonic acids are then isolated in a known manner.

Abstract: 1-Nitro-anthraquinone is separated from an anthraquinone nitration mixture in concentrated nitric acid by adding to the nitration mixture sulpholan and separating off the insoluble 1-nitro-anthraquinone. The quantity of sulpholan added is such that the mixture contains 10-90% by weight nitric acid and from 90-10% by weight sulpholan.

Abstract: Preparation of very pure 1-nitroanthraquinone by heating 1-nitroanthraquinone which contains dinitroanthraquinone with the aqueous solution of a salt of sulphurous acid in the presence of an inert organic solvent.