Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the production of butadiene from an ethanol feed comprising at least 80% by weight of ethanol, comprising at least one step A) for the conversion of ethanol into acetaldehyde A), a step B) for converting an ethanol/acetaldehyde mixture into butadiene, a step C1) for hydrogen treatment, a step D1) for butadiene extraction, a first butadiene purification step D2), a subsequent butadiene purification step D3), an effluent treatment step E1), a step E2) for eliminating impurities and brown oils and a step F) for scrubbing with water.

Abstract: Production of 1,3-butadiene ethanol, that is more than 50% of the total weight of feedstock: A) conversion of feedstock and of ethanol effluent from separation B to a conversion effluent being a majority of 1,3-butadiene, water and ethylene, and to a hydrogen effluent, operating at a pressure between 0.1 and 1.0 MPa, a temperature between 300 and 500° C. in the presence of at least one catalyst; B) separation of conversion effluent originating from A and hydration effluent from C to an ethanol effluent, a butadiene effluent, a water effluent and an ethylene effluent; C) hydration of ethylene fed by ethylene effluent and/or water effluent both from separation B, to produce an ethanol hydration effluent then being recycled to separation B.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the production of butadiene from an ethanol feed comprising at least 80% by weight of ethanol, comprising a step for conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde, a step for the extraction of butadiene, a step for scrubbing gaseous by-products with water, a step for eliminating impurities and brown oils, a step for treating effluents, a first butadiene purification step, and a subsequent butadiene purification step, said ethanol feed being supplied to said butadiene extraction step, the arrangement of the steps and recycles allowing the recycles to be maximized and allowing the water and energy consumption to be minimized.

Abstract: Embodiments provided here relate to second generation processes for the production of alcohols or solvents, wherein the lignocellulosic or cellulosic biomass undergoes a pre-treatment before being converted into ethanol after an enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. The glucidic polymers of the pre-treated plant material are hydrolysed by cellulases. The alcoholigenic microorganisms used for the ethanolic fermentation principally use hexoses, for example, glucose and mannose. The alcohols of the liquor, with or without separation of the suspended material are extracted by distillation. The stillage, containing pentoses which have not been used, are fermented into an ex-pentose ethanolic liquor and at least a portion of the liquor is recycled upstream of the enzymatic hydrolysis.

Abstract: Production of 1,3-butadiene ethanol, that is more than 50% of the total weight of feedstock: A) conversion of feedstock and of ethanol effluent from separation B to a conversion effluent being a majority of 1,3-butadiene, water and ethylene, and to a hydrogen effluent, operating at a pressure between 0.1 and 1.0 MPa, a temperature between 300 and 500° C. in the presence of at least one catalyst; B) separation of conversion effluent originating from A and hydration effluent from C to an ethanol effluent, a butadiene effluent, a water effluent and an ethylene effluent; C) hydration of ethylene fed by ethylene effluent and/or water effluent both from separation B, to produce an ethanol hydration effluent then being recycled to separation B.

Abstract: This invention describes a process for the production of second generation alcohols and/or solvents starting from cellulosic or lignocellulosic biomass wherein the lignocellulosic or cellulosic biomass undergoes a pretreatment before being converted into ethanol after an enzymatic hydrolysis and an ethylic fermentation, wherein glucidic polymers of the pretreated plant are hydrolyzed by cellulases; microorganisms that primarily use hexoses and preferably glucose and mannose are used for the ethylic fermentation; wines, with or without separation of materials in suspension are extracted by distillation; pentoses in the vinasses are fermented by a solventogenic microorganism into a butyl wine, and at least one portion of the butyl wine is recycled upstream from enzymatic hydrolysis.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of oil feeds for the production of low sulphur fuels comprises the following steps in succession: a step for fixed bed hydrodemetallization of the feed using an upstream system of fixed bed swing reactors; a step for fixed bed hydrocracking of the hydrodemetallized effluent in the presence of a hydrocracking catalyst; a step for separation in order to obtain a heavy fraction; a step for hydrodesulphurization of the heavy fraction in which hydrogen is reinjected.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for production of alcohols and/or solvents from a cellulosic or lignocellulosic biomass, comprising: a step for thermochemical pre-treatment of a cellulosic or lignocellulosic substrate; an optional step for washing the pre-treated substrate and adjusting the pH; a step for enzymatic hydrolysis of the pre-treated substrate; a step for ethanolic fermentation of the hexoses contained in the hydrolysate obtained from step (c) into ethanol by a hexose-fermenting microorganism and for obtaining an ex-hexose ethanolic liquor; an extraction step; a step for ethanolic fermentation of the pentoses contained in at least one of the streams obtained from one of the preceding steps with a pentose-fermenting microorganism and for obtaining an ex-pentose ethanolic liquor; in which at least a portion of the ex-pentose ethanolic liquor is recycled upstream of at least one of the enzymatic hydrolysis and/or ethanolic fermentation steps.

Abstract: A process for the production of alcohols and/or solvents starting from cellulosic or lignocellulosic biomass comprising at least: a) Thermochemical pretreatment of a cellulosic or lignocellulosic substrate; b) Optionally, washing pretreated substrate and setting the pH; c) Enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated, optionally washed, substrate, using cellulolytic and/or hemicellulolytic enzymes producing a hydrolyzate and a water-insoluble residue; d) Ethylic fermentation of hexoses in hydrolyzate obtained from c) into ethanol by alcohologenic microorganism and production of ethyl wine; e) One extraction stage comprising e1) Separation and purification of ethanol and/or solvents obtained from d), and e2) Separation of a solid cake containing insoluble residue and production of vinasses; f) Butylic fermentation of pentoses contained in vinasses obtained in e2) by a solventogenic microorganism and production of butyl wine; at least a portion of butyl wine is recycled upstream from at least one enzymatic hydrolys