Abstract: There is disclosed, a desalination apparatus making use of a particles including covalently bonded functionalized magnetic nanoparticles coupled to a complexing agent. For example, the complexing agent may include a crown ether. The particles are optionally used for removing salt from water, for example sea water. The apparatus optionally includes a magnet for magnetic filtering, concentrating and/or removing the particles and/or contaminant (e.g., salt). In some embodiments, the salt is then separated back from the particles using UV light. The remaining unclarified water may be washed out with the contaminant and/or used for salt production and/or disposed of (e.g., dumped back to the sea). Optionally, the particles are regenerated. For example, the regenerated particulars may be reused for further desalination steps (e.g., further salt removal from the clarified water) to clarify new input water. Covalently bonded functionalized magnetic nanoparticles coupled to a complexing agent are also disclosed.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the present invention may include, for example, systems, devices, and methods for power generation using a permanent magnet and/or an electro magnet installed on a twisted band wheel or wheels and/or installed on stationary discs and plates. Due to magnetic field forces for example between the stationary discs and the twisted band, the twisted band may be driven to move (e.g., rotate), rotation of the twisted band is optionally transferred by an axle to a generator.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the present invention may include, for example, systems, devices, and methods for power generation using a permanent magnet and/or an electro magnet installed on a twisted band wheel or wheels and/or installed on stationary discs and plates. Due to magnetic field forces for example between the stationary discs and the twisted band, the twisted band may be driven to move (e.g., rotate), rotation of the twisted band is optionally transferred by an axle to a generator.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the present invention may include, for example, systems, devices, and methods for power generation using a permanent magnet and/or an electro magnet installed on a twisted band wheel or wheels and/or installed on stationary discs and plates. Due to magnetic field forces for example between the stationary discs and the twisted band, the twisted band may be driven to move (e.g., rotate), rotation of the twisted band is optionally transferred by an axle to a generator.

Abstract: Systems and methods for geothermal power generation using a closed-loop of liquid having low boiling temperature.