Abstract: Embodiments provide an apparatus, method and software configured to modify a transmission control protocol packet so as to become a user datagram protocol datagram, or to modify a user datagram protocol datagram so as to become a transmission control protocol packet. An embodiment uses a mapping between TCP packet format, such as TCP wire packet format, and an UDP-encapsulated TCP packet format, such as UDP-encapsulated TCP wire packet format, allowing direct re-use of any TCP protocol implementation. TCP frames can be modified into valid UDP datagrams before being transmitted, and inverse modifications can be done when receiving datagrams from the network.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, computer program products and a system for enabling timer value handling are provided. Handling of timer values is enabled by creating a connection initiation message, placing into the connection initiation message a state keeping timer value, and sending the connection initiation message. Timer value handling is further enabled by receiving a connection initiation message, determining availability of state keeping timer adjustment on the basis of the connection initiation message, acquiring, in case state keeping timer adjustment is available, a state keeping timer value from the connection initiation message, creating a connection initiation response message, placing the state keeping timer value into the connection initiation response message, and sending the connection initiation response message.

Abstract: Embodiments provide an apparatus, method and software configured to modify a transmission control protocol packet so as to become a user datagram protocol datagram, or to modify a user datagram protocol datagram so as to become a transmission control protocol packet. An embodiment uses a mapping between TCP packet format, such as TCP wire packet format, and an UDP-encapsulated TCP packet format, such as UDP-encapsulated TCP wire packet format, allowing direct re-use of any TCP protocol implementation. TCP frames can be modified into valid UDP datagrams before being transmitted, and inverse modifications can be done when receiving datagrams from the network.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, computer program products and a system for enabling timer value handling are provided. Handling of timer values is enabled by creating a connection initiation message, placing into the connection initiation message a state keeping timer value, and sending the connection initiation message. Timer value handling is further enabled by receiving a connection initiation message, determining availability of state keeping timer adjustment on the basis of the connection initiation message, acquiring, in case state keeping timer adjustment is available, a state keeping timer value from the connection initiation message, creating a connection initiation response message, placing the state keeping timer value into the connection initiation response message, and sending the connection initiation response message.