Abstract: Described herein is a weft-knitted spacer fabric and a preparation method thereof, a polyurethane foam composite material including the fabric, a preparation method of the composite material and its use in shoe materials. The weft-knitted spacer fabric consists of an upper surface layer, intermediate spacer yarns, and a lower surface layer, and the upper surface and the lower surface layer are connected by the tuck of the spacer yarns in the upper surface and the lower surface layer to form a three-dimensional structure in an integrated manner. The different selected tuck needle changes the connecting distance and the number of connections of the tuck, and the thickness of the spacer fabric and the arrangement density of the spacer yarns are changed by the action of the upper and lower surface layers of elastic yarns.

Abstract: A navigation system includes: a communication unit configured to receive vehicle environment information of a user vehicle, the vehicle environment information including proximate vehicle information representing proximately located vehicles relative to the user vehicle; and a control unit, coupled to the communication unit, configured to: determine lane reference vehicles from the proximately located vehicles based on a vehicle type of the proximately located vehicles; monitor the relative location of the lane reference vehicles; generate a road lane model including a lane delineation estimation based on the relative location of the lane reference vehicles; and calculate a lane position of the user vehicle according to the lane delineation estimation based on a lateral position shift of the user vehicle.

Abstract: An adjustable twig bender is made of a metal wire. The adjustable twig bender includes two hooking sections extending from two ends of a bridging section. The hooking sections substantially extend in a same direction. In use, the hooking sections are engaged with two portions of a twig and the bridging section is wound around the twig.

Abstract: A lighting system can comprise a light emitting diode that emits light, an optic mounted to process the emitted light, and an aperture disposed on the light-emitting side of the optic. The optic can comprise a cavity that receives the light. A portion of the received light can pass through a sidewall of the cavity, while another portion passes through a bottom of the cavity and out a front of the optic. The optic can comprise curved sides that receive the light passing through the cavity sidewall and reflect that light through the front of the optic. This reflection can condense the light to form a light beam having a beam waist. The beam waist can provide an annular separation or a radial gap between the beam of light and the aperture, with the separation providing clearance to avoid interference with the light beam.

Abstract: A lighting system can comprise a light emitting diode that emits light, an optic mounted to process the emitted light, and an aperture disposed on the light-emitting side of the optic. The optic can comprise a cavity that receives the light. A portion of the received light can pass through a sidewall of the cavity, while another portion passes through a bottom of the cavity and out a front of the optic. The optic can comprise curved sides that receive the light passing through the cavity sidewall and reflect that light through the front of the optic. This reflection can condense the light to form a light beam having a beam waist. The beam waist can provide an annular separation or a radial gap between the beam of light and the aperture, with the separation providing clearance to avoid interference with the light beam.

Abstract: A light emitting diode can emit light along an axis. An optic can be positioned to direct the emitted light off of the axis. The optic can comprise a base and a projection that rises from the base towards the light emitting diode. The projection can comprise a cavity that is oriented to receive the light emitted by the light emitting diode. The cavity can be slanted relative to the axis of the light emitting diode. A convex surface disposed at the bottom of the cavity can condense, focus, or collimate light. The projection can further comprise sides that totally internally reflect light.

Abstract: A lighting system can comprise a light emitting diode that emits light, an optic mounted to process the emitted light, and an aperture disposed on the light-emitting side of the optic. The optic can comprise a cavity that receives the light. A portion of the received light can pass through a sidewall of the cavity, while another portion passes through a bottom of the cavity and out a front of the optic. The optic can comprise curved sides that receive the light passing through the cavity sidewall and reflect that light through the front of the optic. This reflection can condense the light to form a light beam having a beam waist. The beam waist can provide an annular separation or a radial gap between the beam of light and the aperture, with the separation providing clearance to avoid interference with the light beam.

Abstract: A light emitting diode can emit light along an axis. An optic can be positioned to direct the emitted light off of the axis. The optic can comprise a base and a projection that rises from the base towards the light emitting diode. The projection can comprise a cavity that is oriented to receive the light emitted by the light emitting diode. The cavity can be slanted relative to the axis of the light emitting diode. A convex surface disposed at the bottom of the cavity can condense, focus, or collimate light. The projection can further comprise sides that totally internally reflect light.

Abstract: A method for recording and removing the bipolar bias from a vibration input signal. The signal is a time varying signal where the bipolar bias has an amplitude which is many times greater than the amplitude of the time varying waveform of the signal that represents the vibration of the machine. In calculating the level of the bipolar bias the method approaches a predetermined dead band asymptotically and in stable manner. The determination of the bipolar bias level occurs when the next event has occurred and the time for that determination is much shorter than the time between occurrence of the events.

Abstract: A method for recording and removing the bipolar bias from a vibration input signal. The signal is a time varying signal where the bipolar bias has an amplitude which is many times greater than the amplitude of the time varying waveform of the signal that represents the vibration of the machine. In calculating the level of the bipolar bias the method approaches a predetermined dead band asymptotically and in stable manner. The determination of the bipolar bias level occurs when the next event has occurred and the time for that determination is much shorter than the time between occurrence of the events.