Abstract: A camera module. The camera module includes a lens barrel, and a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, a seventh lens having a negative refractive power provided in the lens barrel, and a spacer arranged between the sixth lens and the seventh lens on the optical axis of the camera module. An effective focal length f7 of the seventh lens, an inner diameter d6m of an image-side surface of the sixth spacer, an air interval T67 between the sixth lens and the seventh lens along the optical axis, and a maximum thickness CP6 of the sixth spacer satisfy: 1.0<|d6m/f7|+T67/CP6<8.5.

Abstract: An optical imaging lens assembly is provided, including: an imaging lens group, a plurality of spacing elements, and a lens barrel configured to accommodate the imaging lens group and the plurality of spacing elements comprising a third spacing element that is placed between the third lens and the fourth lens and is in contact with an image-side surface of the third lens. Here, an inner diameter d3s of an object-side surface of the third spacing element, a radius of curvature R5 of an object-side surface of the third lens and a radius of curvature R6 of the image-side surface of the third lens satisfy: 5.0<d3s/(R5+R6)<10.5.

Abstract: An encoder, a decoder, an encoding method and a decoding method are provided. The encoder includes a reversible color transform module, a difference pulse code modulation (DPCM) intra prediction module, a quantization module, a reversible frequency transform module and an entropy coding module. The reversible color transform module performs a reversible color transform to output a transformed video signal according to an input video signal. The DPCM intra prediction module performs a DPCM intra prediction to output a least residual according to the transformed video signal. The quantization module performs a quantization operation to output a quantization coefficient according to the least residual. The reversible frequency transform module performs a reversible frequency transform to output a frequency coefficient according to the quantization coefficient. The entropy coding module performs entropy coding to output a compression bit stream according to the frequency coefficient.

Abstract: Measuring method of a magnetic head includes (a) placing the magnetic head at normal position, defining a first direction parallel to an air bearing surface and two shielding layers of the magnetic head, and defining a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; (b) tilting the magnetic head at an angle to the second direction, applying a plurality of first magnetic fields with different intensities in the first direction, and measuring out a first output parameter curve; (c) repeating the step (b) with different angles and measuring out a plurality of first output parameter curves; (d) calculating a plurality of pinned direction tilt ratios that a pinned direction of a pinned layer of the magnetic head tilts towards the second direction according to the parameter curves; and (e) calculating a pinned direction tilt angle that the pinned direction tilts towards the second direction according to the pinned direction tilting ratios.

Abstract: Measuring method of a magnetic head includes (a) placing the magnetic head at normal position, defining a first direction parallel to an air bearing surface and two shielding layers of the magnetic head, and defining a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; (b) tilting the magnetic head at an angle to the second direction, applying a plurality of first magnetic fields with different intensities in the first direction, and measuring out a first output parameter curve; (c) repeating the step (b) with different angles and measuring out a plurality of first output parameter curves; (d) calculating a plurality of pinned direction tilt ratios that a pinned direction of a pinned layer of the magnetic head tilts towards the second direction according to the parameter curves; and (e) calculating a pinned direction tilt angle that the pinned direction tilts towards the second direction according to the pinned direction tilting ratios.

Abstract: An encoder, a decoder, an encoding method and a decoding method are provided. The encoder includes a reversible color transform module, a difference pulse code modulation (DPCM) intra prediction module, a quantization module, a reversible frequency transform module and an entropy coding module. The reversible color transform module performs a reversible color transform to output a transformed video signal according to an input video signal. The DPCM intra prediction module performs a DPCM intra prediction to output a least residual according to the transformed video signal. The quantization module performs a quantization operation to output a quantization coefficient according to the least residual. The reversible frequency transform module performs a reversible frequency transform to output a frequency coefficient according to the quantization coefficient. The entropy coding module performs entropy coding to output a compression bit stream according to the frequency coefficient.