Abstract: The construction of steel-concrete railroad ties onto which rails are fixed is disclosed. The ties are composed of a metal saddle for fastening to the rail, comprising a tie-plate extending over a part of the upper surface of the tie and forming the zone for attachment and support of the rail. The tie-plate further extends into the tie through ribs sealed in the concrete of the tie and constitutes at least part of its reinforcement.

Abstract: A machine for automatically making pancakes, includes a heated cooking drum which is rotatable about a horizontal shaft by drive means and which has, on its periphery, at least one raised surface area having a contour corresponding to the shape of the pancakes to be made, and which is disposed above a batter pan in such manner that the raised surface area is enabled, during rotation of the drum, to move into contact with batter contained in the pan, means for supplying the batter pan with pancake batter from a supply container, the pan having on at least one side a lateral wall, which is of lesser height than the height of the other walls of the pan and the exterior face of which is disposed vertically above an opening in the batter supply container, and means for detaching and removing the cooked pancakes from the drum and comprising a brush rotatable in the same direction as the drum and at a peripheral speed greater than that of the drum, the brush having flexible radial bristles which are arranged to come