Abstract: According to the described method, interframe similarities s(i) are calculated for the frames of the video sequence, each interframe similarity s(i) being indicative of the similarity of two consecutive frames i—1, i. As it has been found, an analysis of the interframe similarities allows to determine various parameters that are characteristic for the mean opinion score MOS, such as the downsampling rate, pausing, or a noise-dependence of the interframe similarity at the keyframes. An objective mean opinion score MOSo being a value close to the mean opinion score is derived as a value linear in the pausing parameter, a keyframe distance parameter and further quality parameters measured in the spatial domain, corrected by a second value being an exponential model in the downsampling rate.

Abstract: A securing device which permits the outer end of the hair-spring in a timepiece to be fastened either by gluing or pinning it in place. A U-shaped arm extends radially of the axis of the balance wheel and provides a pair of ears, one for gluing the hair-spring and the other for pinning it. The manufacturer of the watch can thus use the ear for gluing the outer end of the hair-spring, as this method has advantages for production purposes. When the hair-spring is replaced, the watch-repairman can use the other ear for pinning the outer end of the hair-spring without deforming the hair-spring, thereby obtaining the advantages of this method for repair purposes.

Abstract: A wrapper, especially a mailing wrapper is secured to printed matter, such as a newspaper, by folding the paper with a wrapper strip loosely resting on the outside of the paper. After the folding, one end of the wrapper strip extends from the folded paper so that after tilting the paper and the extending wrapper strip the latter is wrapped around the paper. The wrapper strip is long enough to have a protruding end even after the folding and wrapping. The protruding end is then bent over the other wrapper strip end to overlap the latter whereupon the two ends are secured to each other, for example by gluing. In the present apparatus, a paper is advanced in a first direction into a position above a slot. A wrapper strip is advanced in a second direction extending at a right angle to said first direction to a position below said slot.