Abstract: An X-ray and Gamma ray waveguide, cavity, and method for directing electromagnetic radiation of the X-ray, Gamma ray, and extreme ultraviolet wavelengths. A hollow fiber is used as the waveguide and is manufactured from a material having an index of refraction less than unity for these wavelengths. The internal diameter of the hollow fiber waveguide and the radius of curvature for the waveguide are selectively predetermined in light of the wavelength of the transmitted radiation to minimize losses. The electromagnetic radiation is obtained from any suitable source and upon introduction into the waveguide is transmitted along a curvilinear path. The waveguide may be formed as a closed loop to create a cavity or may be used to direct the electromagnetic radiation to a utilization site.

Abstract: A laser gyroscope for determining rotation of an area circumscribed by two closely adjacent optical fiber waveguides which serve as double laser cavities. Laser oscillation is restricted to one direction only in each optical fiber waveguide with the direction of oscillation in each waveguide being opposite to that in the adjacent optical fiber waveguide. Fractional parts of the laser radiation from the laser oscillation in each optical fiber waveguide are superimposed to develop a beat frequency therebetween which is proportional to the angular rotation of the area circumscribed by the two optical fiber waveguides.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining rotation of an area including optical apparatus for optically circumscribing the area and to guide laser radiation counter-directionally around the circumscribed area. Differences that develop between the clockwise and counterclockwise laser radiation as a function of the rotation of the area are detected to determine the rotation of the area. The optical apparatus includes an optical fiber waveguide which may function as a laser cavity or a ring inferometer path. The ring inferometer may also be provided by at least three reflective surfaces.