Abstract: The invention relates to methods of producing at least one out-of-frame peptide of 5-40 amino acid residues by a cell, and to methods of identifying said at least one out-of-frame peptide. The invention further relates to the identified out-of-frame peptides, and epitopes and polyepitopes encompassing at least one of said out-of-frame peptides, and to a nucleic acid molecule encoding at least one of said out-of-frame peptides. The invention further relates to methods of inducing an immune response against at least one out-of-frame peptide, method of treating an individual suffering from a tumor, comprising providing said individual with at least one out-of-frame peptide, and to a pharmaceutical composition, comprising at least one out-of-frame peptide. The invention additionally relates to a kit for detecting expression of at least one out-of-frame peptide, and to methods of typing an individual for presence or absence of a cell that expresses at least one out-of-frame peptide.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polynucleotide comprising a RNA polymerase III promoter, a region encoding a siRNA, and a transcriptional termination element comprising five consecutive thymine residues. The invention also provides for vectors, cells and non-human transgenic animal comprising the polynucleotides of the invention as well as their use in medicaments for various conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the finding that cyclin D1 is targeted for destruction in cells which have been exposed to ionising radiation (IR). This finding gives rise to an assay for modulators of cell cycle control, which assay comprises: (a) providing a cell in culture together with a potential modulator compound, said cell expressing a cyclin D1 which undergoes degradation in response to DNA damage; (b) exposing said cell to a DNA damaging agent; and (c) determining the extent to which the presence of the potential modulator compound inhibits the degradation of said cyclin D1. This finding further gives rise to an assay for modulators of cell cycle control, which assay comprises: (a) providing a cyclin D1, the APC or a compound thereof which interacts with cyclin D1, together with a potential modulator compound; and (b) determining the extent to which the presence of the potential modulator compound inhibits the interaction of said cyclin D1 and APC or component thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polynucleotide comprising a RNA polymerase III promoter, a region encoding a siRNA, and a transcriptional termination element comprising five consecutive thymine residues. The invention also provides for vectors, cells and non-human transgenic animal comprising the polynucleotides of the invention as well as their use in medicaments for various conditions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polynucleotide comprising a RNA polymerase III promoter, a region encoding a siRNA, and a transcriptional termination element comprising five consecutive thymine residues. The invention also provides for vectors, cells and non-human transgenic animal comprising the polynucleotides of the invention as well as their use in medicaments for various conditions.