Abstract: A process for recovering nitric acid or salts thereof, comprising: contacting, in the presence of water, an water-immiscible ionic liquid of the formula [A+][X?], wherein [A+] represents a phosphonium or ammonium cation and [X?] represents a counter anion which is NO3?, an halide anion displaceable by NO3?, or both, with a fluid which contains HNO3 and at least one more mineral acid, or precursors of said acids, and partition, under mixing, said acids between aqueous and organic phases and form nitrate-loaded ionic liquid of the formula [A+][NO3?]z>0.25 where Z indicates a molar amount of nitrate held in the ionic liquid beyond the positions occupied by the nitrate counter ions; separating the so-formed mixture into an organic phase comprising a nitrate-loaded ionic liquid of the formula [A+][NO3?]z>0.

Abstract: Method and systems are disclosed for selectively removing naturally-occurring sugars in beverages in an effective, affordable and scalable manner.

Abstract: A process for recovering nitric acid or salts thereof, comprising: contacting, in the presence of water, an water-immiscible ionic liquid of the formula [A+][X?], wherein [A+] represents a phosphonium or ammonium cation and [X?] represents a counter anion which is NO3?, an halide anion displaceable by NO3?, or both, with a fluid which contains HNO3 and at least one more mineral acid, or precursors of said acids, and partition, under mixing, said acids between aqueous and organic phases and form nitrate-loaded ionic liquid of the formula [A+][NO3?]z>0.25 where Z indicates a molar amount of nitrate held in the ionic liquid beyond the positions occupied by the nitrate counter ions; separating the so-formed mixture into an organic phase comprising a nitrate-loaded ionic liquid of the formula [A+][NO3?]z>0.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed for selectively removing naturally-occurring sugars in beverages in an effective, affordable and scalable manner.

Abstract: A method comprising: (a) providing a partially processed sucrose crop product containing at least 2% optionally at least 5% of the sucrose content of said crop at harvest on a dry solids basis, cellulose and lignin; (b) hydrolyzing said partially processed crop product with HCl to produce an acid hydrolyzate stream and a lignin stream; and (c) de-acidifying said hydrolyzate stream to produce a de-acidified sugar solution and an HCl recovery stream. Additional, methods, systems and sugar mixtures are also disclosed.

Abstract: A sugar mixture comprising: monosaccharides; oligosaccharides in a ratio?0.06 to total saccharides; disaccharides in a ratio to total saccharides?0.05; pentose in a ratio to total saccharides?0.05; at least one alpha-bonded di-glucose; and at least one beta-bonded di-glucose. Also disclosed are methods to make and/or use such mixtures.

Abstract: A sugar mixture comprising: monosaccharides; oligosaccharides in a ratio?0.06 to total saccharides; disaccharides in a ratio to total saccharides?0.05; pentose in a ratio to total saccharides?0.05; at least one alpha-bonded di-glucose; and at least one beta-bonded di-glucose. Also disclosed are methods to make and/or use such mixtures.

Abstract: A method comprising: (a) providing a partially processed sucrose crop product containing at least 2% optionally at least 5% of the sucrose content of said crop at harvest on a dry solids basis, cellulose and lignin; (b) hydrolyzing said partially processed crop product with HCl to produce an acid hydrolyzate stream and a lignin stream; and (c) de-acidifying said hydrolyzate stream to produce a de-acidified sugar solution and an HCl recovery stream. Additional, methods, systems and sugar mixtures are also disclosed.

Abstract: A sugar mixture comprising: monosaccharides; oligosaccharides in a ratio ?0.06 to total saccharides; disaccharides in a ratio to total saccharides ?0.05; pentose in a ratio to total saccharides ?0.05; at least one alpha-bonded di-glucose; and at least one beta-bonded di-glucose. Also disclosed are methods to make and/or use such mixtures.

Abstract: A sugar mixture comprising: monosaccharides; oligosaccharides in a ratio ?0.06 to total saccharides; disaccharides in a ratio to total saccharides ?0.05; pentose in a ratio to total saccharides ?0.05; at least one alpha-bonded di-glucose; and at least one beta-bonded di-glucose. Also disclosed are methods to make and/or use such mixtures.

Abstract: A method comprising: (a) providing a partially processed sucrose crop product containing at least 2% optionally at least 5% of the sucrose content of said crop at harvest on a dry solids basis, cellulose and lignin; (b) hydrolyzing said partially processed crop product with HCl to produce an acid hydrolyzate stream and a lignin stream; and (c) de-acidifying said hydrolyzate stream to produce a de-acidified sugar solution and an HCl recovery stream. Additional, methods, systems and sugar mixtures are also disclosed.

Abstract: A sugar mixture comprising: monosaccharides; oligosaccharides in a ratio ?0.06 to total saccharides; disaccharides in a ratio to total saccharides ?0.05; pentose in a ratio to total saccharides ?0.05; at least one alpha-bonded di-glucose; and at least one beta-bonded di-glucose. Also disclosed are methods to make and/or use such mixtures.

Abstract: A method comprising: (a) providing a partially processed sucrose crop product containing at least 2% optionally at least 5% of the sucrose content of said crop at harvest on a dry solids basis, cellulose and lignin; (b) hydrolyzing said partially processed crop product with HCl to produce an acid hydrolyzate stream and a lignin stream; and (c) de-acidifying said hydrolyzate stream to produce a de-acidified sugar solution and an HCl recovery stream. Additional, methods, systems and sugar mixtures are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic phase composition comprising (f) a first solvent (S1) characterized by water solubility of less than 10% and by at least one of (a1) having a polarity related component of Hoy's cohesion parameter (delta-P) between 5 and 10 mPa1/2 and (b1) having a Hydrogen bonding related component of Hoy's cohesion parameter (delta-H) between 5 and 20 MPa1/2; (g) a second solvent (S2) characterized by water solubility of at least 30% and by at least one of (a2) having a delta-P greater than 8 MPa1/2 and (b2) having a delta-H greater than 12 MPa1/2; (h) water (i) HCl, and (j) a chloride salt.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic phase composition comprising: (a) a first solvent (S1) characterized by a water solubility of less than 10% and by at least one of (a1) having a polarity related component of Hoy's cohesion parameter (delta-P) between 5 and 10 MPa1/2 and (b1) having a Hydrogen bonding related component of Hoy's cohesion parameter (delta-H) between 5 and 20 MPa1/2; (b) a second solvent (S2) characterized by a water solubility of at least 30% and by at least one of (a2) having a delta-P greater than 8 MPa1/2 and (b2) having a delta-H greater than 12 MPa1/2; (c) water; (d) HCl; and (e) a carbohydrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic phase composition comprising (a) a first solvent (S1) characterized by water solubility of less than 10% and by at least one of (a1) having a polarity related component of Hoy's cohesion parameter (delta-P) between 5 and 10 MPa1/2 and (b1) having a Hydrogen bonding related component of Hoy's cohesion parameter (delta-H) between 5 and 20 MPa1/2; (b) a second solvent (S2) characterized by a water solubility of at least 30% and by at least one of (a2) having delta-P greater than 8 MPa1/2 and (b2) having delta-H greater than 12 MPa1/2; (c) water; (d) a non-volatile strong acid; and (e) a salt thereof.

Abstract: A sugar mixture comprising: monosaccharides; oligosaccharides in a ratio ?0.06 to total saccharides; disaccharides in a ratio to total saccharides ?0.05; pentose in a ratio to total saccharides ?0.05; at least one alpha-bonded di-glucose; and at least one beta-bonded di-glucose. Also disclosed are methods to make and/or use such mixtures.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for the Industrial purification of a titanium feed stream of purity P1, by the formation of a titanium-double-salt precipitate of purity P2 and a titanium solution with purity P3, wherein P2>P1>P3, the method comprising the steps of: i. forming, from the feed, a medium comprising water, titanium ion, a cation selected from the group consisting of ammonium, cations of alkali metals, protons and a combination thereof, and an anion selected from the group consisting of OH, SO4, HSO4, halides and a combination thereof, which formed medium is further characterized by the presence of (a) a double-salt precipitate comprising titanium ion, at least one of the cations and at least one of the anions; and (b) a titanium solution; and wherein the concentration of the anion in the titanium solution is higher than 15% and the ratio between the concentrations of the cation and the anion in the titanium solution is higher than 0.2 and lower than 1.6; and ii.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for the Industrial purification of a titanium feed stream of purity P1, by the formation of a titanium-double-salt precipitate of purity P2 and a titanium solution with purity P3, wherein P2>P1>P3, the method comprising the steps of: i. forming, from the feed, a medium comprising water, titanium ion, a cation selected from the group consisting of ammonium, cations of alkali metals, protons and a combination thereof, and an anion selected from the group consisting of OH, SO4, HSO4, halides and a combination thereof, which formed medium is further characterized by the presence of (a) a double-salt precipitate comprising titanium ion, at least one of the cations and at least one of the anions; and (b) a titanium solution; and wherein the concentration of the anion in the titanium solution is higher than 15% and the ratio between the concentrations of the cation and the anion in the titanium solution is higher than 0.2 and lower than 1.6; and ii.