Abstract: The disclosure generally relates to compounds of the following formula, including their salts, as well as compositions and methods of using the compounds. The compounds are prodrugs for ligands, agonists, and partial agonists for the nicotinic ?7 receptor and may be useful for the treatment of various disorders of the central nervous system, especially affective and neurodegenerative disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the biomarker TFF-3 that measures ?-secretase mediated Notch processing. TFF-3 has utility in predicting and/or determining in vivo Notch-related toxicity associated with inhibition of Notch processing mediated by ?-secretase. The reagents and methods of the invention can be utilized before, after, or concurrently with, pre-clinical, clinical, and/or post-clinical testing. The reagents and methods of the invention can be used to identify and maintain preferred doses of test compounds and thereby prevent medical complications, such as gastrointestinal cellular damage.

Abstract: The disclosure generally relates to compounds of formula I, including their salts, as well as compositions and methods of using the compounds. The compounds are prodrugs for ligands, agonists, and partial agonists for the nicotinic ?7 receptor and may be useful for the treatment of various disorders of the central nervous system, especially affective and neurodegenerative disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the biomarker TFF-3 that measures ?-secretase mediated Notch processing. TFF-3 has utility in predicting and/or determining in vivo Notch-related toxicity associated with inhibition of Notch processing mediated by ?-secretase. The reagents and methods of the invention can be utilized before, after, or concurrently with, pre-clinical, clinical, and/or post-clinical testing. The reagents and methods of the invention can be used to identify and maintain preferred doses of test compounds and thereby prevent medical complications, such as gastrointestinal cellular damage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the biomarker TFF-3 that measures ?-secretase mediated Notch processing. TFF-3 has utility in predicting and/or determining in vivo Notch-related toxicity associated with inhibition of Notch processing mediated by ?-secretase. The reagents and methods of the invention can be utilized before, after, or concurrently with, pre-clinical, clinical, and/or post-clinical testing. The reagents and methods of the invention can be used to identify and maintain preferred doses of test compounds and thereby prevent medical complications, such as gastrointestinal cellular damage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the biomarker TFF-3 that measures ?-secretase mediated Notch processing. TFF-3 has utility in predicting and/or determining in vivo Notch-related toxicity associated with inhibition of Notch processing mediated by ?-secretase. The reagents and methods of the invention can be utilized before, after, or concurrently with, pre-clinical, clinical, and/or post-clinical testing. The reagents and methods of the invention can be used to identify and maintain preferred doses of test compounds and thereby prevent medical complications, such as gastrointestinal cellular damage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the biomarker TFF-3 that measures ?-secretase mediated Notch processing. TFF-3 has utility in predicting and/or determining in vivo Notch-related toxicity associated with inhibition of Notch processing mediated by ?-secretase. The reagents and methods of the invention can be utilized before, after, or concurrently with, pre-clinical, clinical, and/or post-clinical testing. The reagents and methods of the invention can be used to identify and maintain preferred doses of test compounds and thereby prevent medical complications, such as gastrointestinal cellular damage.

Abstract: Haplotypes in the CDK5 gene associated with cognitive response to galantamine treatment are disclosed. Compositions and methods for detecting and using these CDK5 haplotypes in a variety of clinical applications are disclosed. Such applications include articles of manufacture comprising galantamine or derivatives thereof that are approved for treating patients having one of these CDK5 haplotypes, methods and kits for predicting the response of an individual to galantamine based upon his/her haplotype profile, and methods for treating Alzheimer's patients based upon their haplotype profile.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the biomarker TFF-3 that measures ?-secretase mediated Notch processing. TFF-3 has utility in predicting and/or determining in vivo Notch-related toxicity associated with inhibition of Notch processing mediated by ?-secretase. The reagents and methods of the invention can be utilized before, after, or concurrently with, pre-clinical, clinical, and/or post-clinical testing. The reagents and methods of the invention can be used to identify and maintain preferred doses of test compounds and thereby prevent medical complications, such as gastrointestinal cellular damage.

Abstract: Haplotypes in the CDK5 gene associated with cognitive response to galantamine treatment are disclosed. Compositions and methods for detecting and using these CDK5 haplotypes in a variety of clinical applications are disclosed. Such applications include articles of manufacture comprising galantamine or derivatives thereof that are approved for treating patients having one of these CDK5 haplotypes, methods and kits for predicting the response of an individual to galantamine based upon his/her haplotype profile, and methods for treating Alzheimer's patients based upon their haplotype profile.

Abstract: Methods, computer program(s) and database(s) to analyze and make use of gene haplotype information. These include methods, program, and database to find and measure the frequency of haplotypes in the general population; methods, program, and database to find correlation's between an individual's haplotypes or genotypes and a clinical outcome; methods, program, and database to predict an individual's haplotypes from the individual's genotype for a gene; and methods, program, and database to predict an individual's clinical response to a treatment based on the individual's genotype or haplotype.

Abstract: Novel genetic variants of the Uncoupling Protein 2 (Mitochondrial, Proton Carrier) (UCP2) gene are described. Various genotypes, haplotypes, and haplotype pairs that exist in the general United States population are disclosed for the UCP2 gene. Compositions and methods for haplotyping and/or genotyping the UCP2 gene in an individual are also disclosed. Polynucleotides defined by the haplotypes disclosed herein are also described.

Abstract: Novel genetic variants of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 11b (Osteoprotegerin) (TNFRSF11B) gene are described. Various genotypes, haplotypes, and haplotype pairs that exist in the general United States population are disclosed for the TNFRSF11B gene. Compositions and methods for haplotyping and/or genotyping the TNFRSF11B gene in an individual are also disclosed. Polynucleotides defined by the haplotypes disclosed herein are also described.

Abstract: Novel genetic variants of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 1A (TNFRSF1A) gene are described. Various genotypes, haplotypes, and haplotype pairs that exist in the general United States population are disclosed for the TNFRSF1A gene. Compositions and methods for haplotyping and/or genotyping the TNFRSF1A gene in an individual are also disclosed. Polynucleotides defined by the haplotypes disclosed herein are also described.

Abstract: Novel genetic variants of the Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 2 (ICAM2) gene are described. Various genotypes, haplotypes, and haplotype pairs that exist in the general United States population are disclosed for the ICAM2 gene. Compositions and methods for haplotyping and/or genotyping the ICAM2 gene in an individual are also disclosed. Polynucleotides defined by the sequence the haplotypes disclosed herein are also described.

Abstract: Polynucleotides comprising one or more of 38 novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human Interleukin 4 Receptor Alpha(IL4R&agr;) gene are described. Compositions and methods for detecting one or more of these polymorphisms are also disclosed. In addition, various genotypes and haplotypes for IL4R&agr; gene that exist in the population are described.