Abstract: Biofeedback devices, systems, and methods for training enhanced performance are provided. A subject's EEG activity can be measured and analyzed, and a feedback signal can provide ongoing, continuous information regarding the subject's success in maintaining the brain's activity within a predetermined, desired state of enhanced performance. There are specific EEG patterns that maintain states of enhanced performance. The differential reduction and enlargement of the amplitudes of the various frequencies at specific sites that produce states of enhanced performance are measured. For example, enhanced performance can be produced when theta activity (4-8 Hz) and low-alpha activity (8-10 Hz) are maintained below a low-activity threshold while maintaining gamma activity (38-42 Hz) above a performance threshold amplitude (e.g., 0.5 microvolts). Additionally, positive feedback can also be withheld unless the subject maintains high-alpha activity (11-13 Hz) above a staging threshold value.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for use with one or more subjects simultaneously, for causing an output device to perform productive functions, such as various types of movement of an object, in response to the subject's movement between various brainwave states and combinations of brainwave states. When more than one subject is involved, the apparatus can generate an output signal indicating when all the subjects are producing a predetermined brainwave pattern simultaneously, when they are producing a predetermined brainwave pattern synchronously; when they producing a predetermined brainwave pattern coherently; or when, during a preceding predetermined interval of time, each of the subjects individually produced a predetermined brainwave pattern for more than a predetermined percentage of the interval of time.