Abstract: A multi-layer reconfigurable reflective intelligent surface (RIS). The RIS includes a unit-cell of a reconfigurable intelligent surface. The unit-cell includes a first layer composed of a conductive material and structured according to a sub-wavelength reflective pattern. The first layer reflects an impinging wave at a predetermined phase and steers the reflected impinging wave toward an intended receiver. The unit-cell includes a second layer composed of a first dielectric substrate material. Between the first and second layers, the unit-cell includes a middle layer composed of a second dielectric material having tunable dielectric properties. Tuning a dielectric constant of the second dielectric material modifies the predetermined phase of reflection of the impinging wave.

Abstract: A multi-layer reconfigurable reflective intelligent surface (RIS). The RIS includes a unit-cell of a reconfigurable intelligent surface. The unit-cell includes a first layer composed of a conductive material and structured according to a sub-wavelength reflective pattern. The first layer reflects an impinging wave at a predetermined phase and steers the reflected impinging wave toward an intended receiver. The unit-cell includes a second layer composed of a first dielectric substrate material. Between the first and second layers, the unit-cell includes a middle layer composed of a second dielectric material having tunable dielectric properties. Tuning a dielectric constant of the second dielectric material modifies the predetermined phase of reflection of the impinging wave.

Abstract: For the simplified, intuitive and reliable operation of laboratory apparatuses, it is proposed that the laboratory apparatus be equipped with a control device comprising a touch-sensitive display unit (100), wherein the display unit (100) is configured to display a plurality of control elements (111, 112, 113 etc), which are assigned to different control functions of the laboratory apparatus, wherein the control elements are embodied (111, 112, 113 etc) to set parameters (121, 122, 123) of the control functions. At the same time, at least two of the control elements (111, 112, 113, 114) are assigned to the same control function and embodied differently for setting the same parameter (121) of this control function. Therefore, the user is always offered a plurality of ways for setting a parameter or for operating the apparatus, such as, for example, for setting the rotational speed of a centrifuge.

Abstract: For the simplified, intuitive and reliable operation of laboratory apparatuses, it is proposed that the laboratory apparatus be equipped with a control device comprising a touch-sensitive display unit (100), wherein the display unit (100) is configured to display a plurality of control elements (111, 112, 113 etc), which are assigned to different control functions of the laboratory apparatus, wherein the control elements are embodied (111, 112, 113 etc) to set parameters (121, 122, 123) of the control functions. At the same time, at least two of the control elements (111,112, 113, 114) are assigned to the same control function and embodied differently for setting the same parameter (121) of this control function. Therefore, the user is always offered a plurality of ways for setting a parameter or for operating the apparatus, such as, for example, for setting the rotational speed of a centrifuge.

Abstract: A Process for hydroconverting of a heavy hydrocarbonaceous feedstock comprising a catalyst to produce lower boiling hydrocarbon products. The method can be used for the high- boiling point residues of oil refining (asphaltene, the residues of vacuum and under pressure distillation of oil, and the useless and heavy materials of thermo catalytic processes), heavy oil, natural bitumen, and bitumen-containing sands. It can also be used in oil refinery industries for the production of gas, gasoline fractions, distillation gas oil, concentrate of ash containing metals and chemical fertilizers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for removing hydrogen sulfide and recovering sulfur from a gas stream, comprising the steps of: contacting said gas stream with an aqueous catalyst solution of a polyvalent metal redox catalyst in a contacting zone to absorb said hydrogen sulfide and form a reduced catalyst solution comprising reduced polyvalent metal redox catalyst and sulfur particles; oxidizing said reduced catalyst solution while removing sulfur particles to form said oxidized aqueous catalyst solution comprising polyvalent metal redox catalyst in an oxidized state with sulfur particles removed; and recovering sulfur by transferring at least one of said sulfur particles and foam to a separation zone; wherein a coagulating reagent is added to a feed of said separation zone prior to entering said separation zone to promote settlement of sulfur particles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for removing sulfur particles from an aqueous catalyst solution used to remove hydrogen sulfide from a gas stream (1, 5), comprising the steps of directing a flow of a suspension (12) comprising reduced catalyst solution and sulfur particles to an oxidizer zone (20), where the catalyst solution is regenerated by contacting said suspension with a gas (22) containing oxygen; and removing sulfur from said suspension at least by gravity sedimentation at a bottom (21) of said oxidizer zone (20). According to the invention a flow deflecting means (34) is disposed at least at an outlet (35) for the oxidized catalyst solution leaving said oxidizer zone (20) such as to prevent any turbulent state caused at least by a stream of oxidized catalyst solution leaving said oxidizer zone (20).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for removing hydrogen sulfide and recovering sulfur from a gas stream, comprising the steps of: contacting said gas stream with an aqueous catalyst solution of a polyvalent metal redox catalyst in a contacting zone to absorb said hydrogen sulfide and form a reduced catalyst solution comprising reduced polyvalent metal redox catalyst and sulfur particles; oxidizing said reduced catalyst solution while removing sulfur particles to form said oxidized aqueous catalyst solution comprising polyvalent metal redox catalyst in an oxidized state with sulfur particles removed; and recovering sulfur by transferring at least one of said sulfur particles and foam to a separation zone; wherein a coagulating reagent is added to a feed of said separation zone prior to entering said separation zone to promote settlement of sulfur particles.

Abstract: A Process for hydroconverting of a heavy hydrocarbonaceous feedstock comprising a catalyst to produce lower boiling hydrocarbon products. The method can be used for the high-boiling point residues of oil refining (asphaltene, the residues of vacuum and under pressure distillation of oil, and the useless and heavy materials of thermo catalytic processes), heavy oil, natural bitumen, and bitumen-containing sands. It can also be used in oil refinery industries for the production of gas, gasoline fractions, distillation gas oil, concentrate of ash containing metals and chemical fertilizers. The process overcomes disadvantages like low conversions, coke production during the reaction, touchiness to the feed (to the metals and solids present in the feed which deactivate the catalyst), high investment and operational costs and the need for pre-purification units, for the elimination of heavy substances.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for removing sulfur particles from an aqueous catalyst solution used to remove hydrogen sulfide from a gas stream (1, 5), comprising the steps of directing a flow of a suspension (12) comprising reduced catalyst solution and sulfur particles to an oxidizer zone (20), where the catalyst solution is regenerated by contacting said suspension with a gas (22) containing oxygen; and removing sulfur from said suspension at least by gravity sedimentation at a bottom (21) of said oxidizer zone (20). According to the invention a flow deflecting means (34) is disposed at least at an outlet (35) for the oxidized catalyst solution leaving said oxidizer zone (20) such as to prevent any turbulent state caused at least by a stream of oxidized catalyst solution leaving said oxidizer zone (20) such as to reduce foaming and plugging of the whole system.

Abstract: A system and method provide an injection molding apparatus utilizing radiation energy as a heat source. The injection molding apparatus may includes at least a partially transparent nozzle or may include a thermally conductive nozzle having a nozzle body and a nozzle channel that receives a fluid material at an inlet. The fluid material has a pressure induced flow causing the fluid material to flow along an axis of the nozzle channel from the inlet to an outlet. A radiant energy heating device heats the nozzle channel to maintain the fluid material in a fluid state.

Abstract: A system and method provide an injection molding apparatus utilizing radiation energy as a heat source. The injection molding apparatus may includes at least a partially transparent nozzle or may include a thermally conductive nozzle having a nozzle body and a nozzle channel that receives a fluid material at an inlet. The fluid material has a pressure induced flow causing the fluid material to flow along an axis of the nozzle channel from the inlet to an outlet. A radiant energy heating device heats the nozzle channel to maintain the fluid material in a fluid state.

Abstract: A damage-resistant filter for use in subterranean wells has at least one layer of a filter medium, such as a sintered supported porous membrane, coaxially disposed about a perforated support member. The filter may also include a drainage layer disposed between the inner support member and the filter medium, and a protective covering, such as a perforated cage, surrounding the filter medium. The filter is particularly suitable for removal of sand and other particulates from fluids produced in a well.

Abstract: A damage-resistant filter for use in subterranean wells has at least one layer of a filter medium, such as a sintered supported porous membrane, coaxially disposed about a perforated support member. The filter may also include a drainage layer disposed between the inner support member and the filter medium, and a protective covering, such as a perforated cage, surrounding the filter medium. The filter is particularly suitable for removal of sand and other particulates from fluids produced in a well.

Abstract: An oil or gas well cleaning method includes inserting tubing, such as a coiled tubing, into a well bore, for example, into a production pipe in a well bore. A cleaning fluid containing a flocculant is passed into the well and the flocculant in the cleaning fluid is mixed with solid particles in the well bore to flocculate the particles. The cleaning fluid and the flocculated particles are then removed from the well. In one embodiment, the cleaning fluid containing the flocculant is discharged from the lower end of the tubing into the well, and the cleaning fluid with the flocculated particles is removed from the well via the production pipe. Alternatively, the cleaning fluid containing the flocculant may be introduced into the well through the production pipe, and the cleaning fluid with the flocculated particles may be removed via the tubing. The flocculant may also serve as a friction reducer to reduce friction between the cleaning fluid, the solids, the production pipe, and the tubing.

Abstract: A method of cleaning an oil or gas well includes mixing a caustic with a saline solution to precipitate hydroxide species from the saline solution and form a milky suspension. The suspension is contacted with contaminants in a well bore to entrap the contaminants. A polymeric flocculant is then mixed with the suspension in the well bore to aggregate the hydroxide species and the entrapped contaminants into flocs. The flocs are extremely strong and can withstand the highly turbulent flow existing in the well bore and can be readily flushed out of the well bore.