Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and systems for generating heat from nuclear fusion. The methods and systems can utilize host materials (such as metal nanoparticles) to host fusionable materials (such as deuterium). The host materials and/or fusionable materials can be irradiated with electromagnetic radiation that induces phonon vibrations in the host material and/or fusionable materials. The phonon vibrations can screen the Coulombic repulsion between fusionable material nuclei, thereby increasing a rate of nuclear fusion even at relatively low temperature and pressures. The methods and systems can give rise to nuclear fusion reactions which produce energy or heat. The heat may be converted into useful energy using systems and methods for efficient heat dissipation and thermal management.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and systems for generating heat from nuclear fusion. The methods and systems utilize host materials (such as metal nanoparticles) to host fusionable materials (such as deuterium). The host materials and/or fusionable materials are irradiated with electromagnetic radiation that induces phonon vibrations in the host material and/or fusionable materials. The phonon vibrations screen the Coulombic repulsion between fusionable material nuclei, thereby increasing a rate of nuclear fusion even at relatively low temperature and pressures. The methods and systems give rise to nuclear fusion reactions which produce energy or heat. The heat may be converted into useful energy using systems and methods for efficient heat dissipation and thermal management.

Abstract: The regeneration of spent metal catalysts is accomplished by treatment with a sulfurous atmosphere at a pressure of at least 0.10 atmospheres and at a controlled high temperature of between 400-825.degree. C. (preferably between 400.degree.-715.degree. C., and most preferably between 400.degree.-600.degree. C.) for a time sufficient for the selective formation of sulfides of carbon and sulfides of vanadium or lead which sulfides are characterized by having high volatility and solubility in the sulfurous atmosphere and which vanadium and carbon sulfides are selectively removed from the catalyst within the stated temperature range.The coke and vanadium or lead removal methods disclosed are selective in that the coke and vanadium or lead are removed without removing the active catalytic components.