Abstract: Medical devices, systems, and methods for treating patients with tissue ablation include catheter systems having bi-modal steering mechanisms, which are capable of both linear and loop ablation. In other words, the catheter system may have two different steering modes: two-dimensional and three-dimensional. In the first and second steering modes, the steering actuator may cause one or more portions of the catheter shaft to bend in different planes. A steerable ablation catheter may include treatment elements such as electrodes at its distal end and along the catheter shaft, each of which may map, pace, and ablate. Optional features include a series of thermocouples for monitoring local temperatures.

Abstract: Medical devices, systems, and methods for treating patients with tissue ablation include catheter systems having bi-modal steering mechanisms, which are capable of both linear and loop ablation. In other words, the catheter system may have two different steering modes: two-dimensional and three-dimensional. In the first and second steering modes, the steering actuator may cause one or more portions of the catheter shaft to bend in different planes. A steerable ablation catheter may include treatment elements such as electrodes at its distal end and along the catheter shaft, each of which may map, pace, and ablate.

Abstract: A medical device is provided, including an elongate body defining a lumen therethrough; a shaft extending through the lumen; and an electrode array coupled to the elongate body at a first end and coupled to the shaft at a second end, where linear manipulation of the shaft causes the electrode array to transition from a first geometric configuration to a second configuration, and where rotational manipulation of the shaft causes the electrode array to transition from the second geometric configuration to a third configuration.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for obtaining a recombinant yeast of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which ferments lignocellulose raw materials to ethanol, including introducing DNA into a yeast so as to cause the yeast to have introduced genes encoding xylose reductase, xylitol dehydrogenase and xylulokinase.

Abstract: A microsurgical balloon, with at least one incising component mounted to the surface of the balloon, includes a protective pad to prevent the outer surface of the incising component from coming into contact with and damaging the balloon surface. In particular, the protective pad is positioned on the outer surface of the balloon substantially parallel to and juxtaposed with the incising component. When the balloon is in a deflated configuration, either for insertion into the vasculature system or removal from the patient, the protective pad engages the outer surface of the incising component thereby protecting the balloon from being punctured or damaged by the incising component. The protective pad may be bonded to the outer surface of the balloon, or it may be an integral part of a homogeneous balloon structure.

Abstract: A medical balloon having a body section, a first tapered section and a second tapered section, waist sections, and a longitudinal axis, said balloon having a static state and an expanded state, the balloon configured and formed such that in the static state at least the body section of said balloon having a plurality of concave side regions extending between the first tapered section and the second tapered section, each concave side region curving toward the longitudinal axis of the balloon, and in the expanded state, the body section having a substantially cylindrical configuration.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods are disclosed for the ablation of tissue. Embodiments include an ablation catheter that has an array of ablation elements attached to a deployable carrier assembly. The carrier assembly can be constrained within the lumen of a catheter, and deployed to take on an expanded condition. The carrier assembly includes multiple electrodes that are configured to ablate tissue at low power. Systems include an interface unit with a visual display that provides a visual representation of the geometry of the ablation elements and/or provides selection means for selecting an icon provided on the display.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods are disclosed for the mapping of electrical signals and the ablation of tissue. Embodiments include an ablation catheter that has an array of ablation elements attached to a deployable carrier assembly. The carrier assembly can be transformed from a compact, linear configuration to a helical configuration, such as to map and ablate pulmonary vein ostia.

Abstract: A system for treatment of a vessel lesion comprises an expandable balloon and at least one cutting string longitudinally engaged to an exterior surface of the balloon. When the balloon is in its expanded condition, a gap is formed between the at least one cutting string and the exterior surface of the balloon.

Abstract: A cutting balloon catheter and methods of making and using the same. The balloon catheter may include a catheter shaft having a balloon coupled thereto. A cutting member or blade may be coupled to the balloon. The cutting member may include one or more traction members or a traction region that can, for example, improve traction between the balloon and a target site.

Abstract: Balloon catheters and methods of making and using the same. A balloon catheter may include a catheter shaft and a balloon coupled thereto. A traction member may be coupled to the balloon catheter adjacent the balloon and may extend along a portion or all of the length of the balloon. The traction member can improve traction between the balloon and a target site.

Abstract: A microsurgical balloon, with at least one incising component mounted to the surface of the balloon, includes a protective pad to prevent the outer surface of the incising component from coming into contact with and damaging the balloon surface. In particular, the protective pad is positioned on the outer surface of the balloon substantially parallel to and juxtaposed with the incising component. When the balloon is in a deflated configuration, either for insertion into the vasculature system or removal from the patient, the protective pad engages the outer surface of the incising component thereby protecting the balloon from being punctured or damaged by the incising component. The protective pad may be bonded to the outer surface of the balloon, or it may be an integral part of a homogeneous balloon structure.

Abstract: An angioplasty balloon catheter and method of making and using the same. The balloon catheter may include a catheter shaft and a balloon coupled to the shaft. The balloon may include one or more cutting edges or member and may include a plurality of chambers defined therein.

Abstract: An angioplasty balloon catheter and method of making and using the same. The balloon catheter may include a catheter shaft and a balloon coupled to the shaft. The balloon may include one or more cutting edges coupled thereto. The shaft may include one or more inflation lumens and a plurality of openings defined therein that are in fluid communication with the inflation lumen or lumens.

Abstract: A catheter for use in a body vessel includes a relatively stiff proximal shaft that is shaped as a tube formed with a lumen and having a proximal end and a distal end. Further, the catheter includes a relatively flexible distal tube formed with a lumen and having a proximal end and a distal end. An inflatable balloon may be attached to the outer wall of the distal tube near the distal end. The proximal end of the distal tube is attached to the distal end of the proximal shaft at a transitional joint. The transitional joint provides a gradual transition in flexibility over the length of the joint between the stiff proximal shaft and the flexible distal tube. Importantly, the transitional joint includes an extension made of a material having superelastic properties when positioned inside the body vessel. One end of the extension is attached to the distal end of the proximal shaft. The other end of the extension projects into the lumen of the distal tube.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for obtaining a recombinant yeast of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which ferments lignocellulose raw materials to ethanol, including introducing DNA into a yeast so as to cause the yeast to have introduced genes encoding xylose reductase, xylitol dehydrogenase and xylulokinase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel nucleic acid sequences which, upon expression in a procaryotic or eucaryotic cell, code for a polypeptide having an elevated specific xylose isomerase activity compared to the wildtype Thermus thermophilus xylose isomerase. They are selected from a) nucleic acid sequences shown in SEQ. ID. No 1; b) the complementary strand of the sequence defined in (a) above; c) nucleic acid sequences which hybridize to the sequences defined in (a) or (b) above; d) nucleic acid sequences which, but for the degeneracy of the genetic code, would hybridize to the sequences defined in (a), (b) or (c) above and which code for the same polypeptide as those defined in (a), (b) or (c) above. The present invention further provides a process of producing ethanol from xylose containing materials comprising contacting cells that express such nucleic acid sequences and novel modified xylose isomerases that advantageously can be applied in the production of fructose syrups.