Abstract: A wearable or body-borne switch is actuated by a body gesture. The switch is coupled to a mechanical linkage that links two distinct body locations. Specific body gestures cause changes in the distance between the two body locations, inducing forces within the linkage, and, in turn, actuating the switch. The switches are actuated without the need for manual operation by the user, special electronic processors, sensors, motors, batteries, or the like.

Abstract: A foot or shoe-borne apparatus comprises a spacer and spring assembly that can be oriented in two orientations. In the first orientation, the assembly is under the sole of a user's foot or shoe such that the assembly acts against the ground for enhanced locomotion for that foot or shoe. In the second orientation, the assembly is positioned away from the sole of the foot or shoe, thereby enabling ordinary use of that foot or shoe.

Abstract: A bio-electrode for conveying electrical signals to, or from a body is constructed with two components, a pre-laminated member and a re-usable electrode assembly. The pre-laminated member comprises a first substrate layer and a second electrolyte-containing layer. The substrate contacts the body and is constructed of a material that is biocompatible, hydrophilic and inherently electrically semi-conductive or conductive. The electrolyte-containing layer, which does not contact the body, is composed of an adhesive, electrolytic hydrogel. Small amounts of moisture and electrolytes from the hydrogel diffuse into the substrate thereby reducing and stabilizing the substrate's electrical resistance. The pre-laminated member can be used with existing re-usable electrode assemblies.

Abstract: An electric field sensor employs a capacitive pick-up electrode in a voltage divider network connected to a body emanating an electric field. The system is relatively insensitive to variations in the separation gap between electrode and body, reducing sensor motion artifacts in the output signal and stabilizing its low frequency response. The pick-up electrode may be positioned at a “stand off” location, spaced from intimate contact with the surface of the body. This is equivalent to providing low level capacitive values for the capacitive coupling between the pick-up electrode and the body whose electric field is to be monitored. Or a series limiting capacitor may be provided in the input stage. Human body-generated electrical signals may be acquired without use of conductive gels and suction-based electrodes, without direct electrical contact to the body, and even through thin layers of clothing.

Abstract: A bio-electrode (54) for obtaining ECG's and EEG's is enhanced by a cushioning layer (51) placed intermediate the body (3) and electrode (54). This enhancement layer (51) can carry and release water or moisture into the electrode-to-body interface. Moisture provided to this interface is ionically conductive, reducing tribo-electric noise. A bio-electrode so enhanced can obtain signals through clothing.