Abstract: A method including receiving, at a payment-messaging system from a biller financial institution, a request comprising a public consumer token of a consumer. The consumer provided the public consumer token to a biller system of a biller for a bill payment by the consumer to the biller. The biller system provided the public consumer token to the biller financial institution. The biller financial institution maintains a biller account of the biller. The acts also can include determining a risk metric representing a risk of using the public consumer token for the bill payment. The acts additionally can include sending the risk metric from the payment-messaging system to the biller financial institution. The biller financial institution sends the risk metric to the biller system to allow the biller to determine whether to assume liability for the bill payment.

Abstract: In one aspect, a computing apparatus is configured to monitor purchase transactions in accordance with rules and patterns learned in response to exposure to information relating to prior fraudulent transactions. A Fraud Alert Service (FAS) monitors and identifies possible fraud transactions based on stored data and learned behavioral patterns. The FAS integrates various entities to minimize financial loss to the entities due to fraudulent transactions through data integration, early detection, and timely notifications.