Abstract: An in-flight refueling hose and method. The hose includes an inner braid including pseudoelastic shape memory alloy (e.g., nitinol) wires. These wires undergo a stress induced phase change absorbing energy to dampen oscillations of the hose in use.

Abstract: A method of making a piezoelectric fluid moving device, (e.g., a fan or synthetic jet actuator) includes forming at least a first electrode on a base substrate and disposing a spacer frame about the first electrode. A piezoelectric substrate is placed within the frame and over the first electrode. A cover substrate is located on the spacer frame. The cover substrate and spacer frame are laminated to each other and to the base substrate encapsulating the piezoelectric substrate between the cover substrate and the base substrate for a long life device.

Abstract: An in-flight refueling hose and method. The hose includes an inner braid including pseudoelastic shape memory alloy (e.g., nitinol) wires. These wires undergo a stress induced phase change absorbing energy to dampen oscillations of the hose in use.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying at least one cyclical load to an elongate specimen, comprising at least two reciprocating mass means 1 each comprising a mass (6) and an actuator (16), wherein the actuator (16) is (5) operatively associated with the mass (6) to move the mass (6) along a linear displacement path, mounting means (2) for mounting each actuator (16) to a specimen, and a control system operatively associated with each actuator (16), the control system operating each actuator (16) to reciprocate its corresponding mass (6) along its respective linear displacement path, wherein the reciprocating mass means (1) are spaced apart such that the actuators (16) move their corresponding masses (6) on separate, and substantially parallel, linear displacement paths is disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying at least one cyclical load to an elongate specimen, comprising at least two reciprocating mass means 1 each comprising a mass (6) and an actuator (16), wherein the actuator (16) is (5) operatively associated with the mass (6) to move the mass (6) along a linear displacement path, mounting means (2) for mounting each actuator (16) to a specimen, and a control system operatively associated with each actuator (16), the control system operating each actuator (16) to reciprocate its corresponding mass (6) along its respective linear displacement path, wherein the reciprocating mass means (1) are spaced apart such that the actuators (16) move their corresponding masses (6) on separate, and substantially parallel, linear displacement paths is disclosed

Abstract: The invention relates to an internal combustion fuel concentrate comprising: (a) from 1 to 95% of a chlorine-free carbamate prepared by reacting a carbamate of formula ##STR1## with a compound of the formula R OH (VI) in the presence of either a strone organic base or a tetra hydrocarbyl titanate so as to exchange the group R in formula (I) with a group R.sup.1 in formula (II), and (b) a fuel compatible solvent therefor. In the formula (I) R is a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl group and R.sup.1 is a hydrocarbyl or a hetero-substituted hydrocarbyl group different from R. In formula (I), X and Y are independently any of hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group, or the group of the formula ##STR2## where Z is either a divalent hydrocarbyl, a substituted hydrocarbyl group or the group of formula(alkylene).sub.m (NH.sub.n (alkylene).sub.

Abstract: A process for the production of a carbamate suitable for use as a detergent additive to internal combustion engine fuels which process comprises reacting either ammonia, a primary amime or a secondary amine with a dihydrocarbyl carbonate in the presence as catalyst of a strong organic base and in the proportions necessary to produce either a mono-carbamate or a bis-carbamate.

Abstract: A process for the production of a carbamate having formula (I), wherein X and Y are independently either hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group or a hetero-substituted hydrocarbyl group or the group of formula (II), wherein Z is either a divalent hydrocarbyl, a substituted hydrocarbyl group or the group of formula (III) [(alkylene)m(NH)n(alkylene)m] in which n=0 to 4 and m=1 to 4, and R is a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl group, provided that if either one of X or Y is the group of formula (II), the other of X or Y is hydrogen, which process comprises reacting a compound of formula (IV), wherein X and Y are independently either hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group or a hetero-substituted hydrocarbyl group with a dihydrocarbyl carbonate having formula (V), wherein independently R is as defined above in the presence as catalyst of a strong organic base and in the proportions necessary to produce either a mono-carbamate or a bis-carbamate.

Abstract: Bicyclic guanidines, useful as catalysts in a variety of chemical reactions, are produced by reacting a bis(aminoalkyl)amine at ambient or elevated temperature with a compound of the formula CX.sub.2 (I) or (R.sup.1)(R.sup.2)CX (II) wherein in the formulae (I) and (II) X is either oxygen or sulphur and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 in the formula (II) are independently either halogen atoms, --NH.sub.2 groups, or alkoxide groups, for example carbon disulphide.