Abstract: Disclosed are microfluidic devices and systems for the desalination of water. The devices and systems can include an electrode configured to generate an electric field gradient in proximity to an intersection formed by the divergence of two microfluidic channels from an inlet channel. Under an applied bias and in the presence of a pressure driven flow of saltwater, the electric field gradient can preferentially direct ions in saltwater into one of the diverging microfluidic channels, while desalted water flows into second diverging channel. Also provided are methods of using the devices and systems described herein to decrease the salinity of water.

Abstract: Disclosed are microfluidic devices and systems for the desalination of water. The devices and systems can include an electrode configured to generate an electric field gradient in proximity to an intersection formed by the divergence of two microfluidic channels from an inlet channel. Under an applied bias and in the presence of a pressure driven flow of saltwater, the electric field gradient can preferentially direct ions in saltwater into one of the diverging microfluidic channels, while desalted water flows into second diverging channel. Also provided are methods of using the devices and systems described herein to decrease the salinity of water.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is described for removing at least some contaminants from a hydrocarbon feedstock, such as a petroleum. The method includes treating the contaminated feedstock during flow through a supercritical reactor with supercritical water to facilitate the removal of at least some of the contaminants. The flow through the supercritical reactor is a continuous flow.

Abstract: Disclosed are microfluidic devices and systems for the desalination of water. The devices and systems can include an electrode configured to generate an electric field gradient in proximity to an intersection formed by the divergence of two microfluidic channels from an inlet channel. Under an applied bias and in the presence of a pressure driven flow of saltwater, the electric field gradient can preferentially direct ions in saltwater into one of the diverging microfluidic channels, while desalted water flows into second diverging channel. Also provided are methods of using the devices and systems described herein to decrease the salinity of water.

Abstract: An appendage elevation support structure is disclosed. The appendage elevation support structure includes a platform defining a central axis. A plurality of legs is secured to the platform in a substantially radial configuration about the central axis to support the platform above a surface. A frame having a plurality of support members is carried by the platform. A plurality of slings is carried and supported by the frame. The slings are adapted to cooperate to cradle and support a human appendage.

Abstract: An appendage elevation support structure is disclosed. The appendage elevation support structure includes a platform defining a central axis. A plurality of legs is secured to the platform in a substantially radial configuration about the central axis to support the platform above a surface. A frame having a plurality of support members is carried by the platform. A plurality of slings is carried and supported by the frame. The slings are adapted to cooperate to cradle and support a human appendage.

Abstract: An improved detectable spool for use with a ribbon includes an improved hub which includes a core and an indication member. The indication member is a generally planar metallic member that is substantially embedded in or is otherwise mounted to the core, with the indication member including a support and a plurality of tabs. In at least one embodiment the indication member is a monolithically formed single-piece member, while in another embodiment the indication member is a multi-component member.

Abstract: An improved detectable spool for use with a ribbon includes an improved hub which includes a core and an indication member. The indication member is a generally planar metallic member that is substantially embedded in or is otherwise mounted to the core, with the indication member including a support and a plurality of tabs. In at least one embodiment the indication member is a monolithically formed single-piece member, while in another embodiment the indication member is a multi-component member.

Abstract: A heat exchanger and method of making a heat exchanger which includes providing a header having openings adapted to receive a plurality of tubes. The tubes are inserted into the header openings, then, substantially uncured fluid sealing material is applied to at least the inner surfaces of the header openings. The inner surfaces of the header openings and the outer surfaces of the tubes are connected by the sealing material. The method further includes curing the sealing material after the tubes are inserted into the header openings. The sealing material thus provides a flexible, bonded, liquid tight, tube-to-header joint.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the invention, a method for chemical analysis includes providing a device having a drain region, a source region, and a gate region disposed therebetween, associating a buffer solution with the drain region and the source region, causing a potential difference between the drain region and the source region until a stable current is reached, replacing the buffer solution in the source region with a solution containing an analyte, and applying a negative potential to the source region to create a forward bias.