Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of forming a paraffinic product that involves providing a paraffinic feed having an initial average carbon chain length of greater than 20. The paraffinic feed is a product of a gas-to-liquids process, such as a Fischer-Tropsch process. The paraffinic feed is subjected to thermal cracking at elevated temperature and elevated pressure, which results in the formation of a paraffinic product. The paraffinic product has a final average carbon chain length of less than or equal to 20. The paraffinic product is typically liquid at ambient temperature, such as at 25° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of forming a paraffinic product that involves providing a paraffinic feed having an initial average carbon chain length of greater than 20. The paraffinic feed is a product of a gas-to-liquids process, such as a Fischer-Tropsch process. The paraffinic feed is subjected to thermal cracking at elevated temperature and elevated pressure, which results in the formation of a paraffinic product. The paraffinic product has a final average carbon chain length of less than or equal to 20. The paraffinic product is typically liquid at ambient temperature, such as at 25° C.

Abstract: A method for producing synthesis gas from underground hydrocarbon deposits is described. Oxygen and water are reacted with the hydrocarbon deposit under conditions conducive to the production of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The method is applicable to oil reservoirs from which conventional production means are unable to recover additional oil practically, to viscous oil deposits from which production is limited, and to shale oil deposits.

Abstract: A method for producing synthesis gas from underground hydrocarbon deposits is described. Oxygen and water are reacted with the hydrocarbon deposit under conditions conducive to the production of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The method is applicable to oil reservoirs from which conventional production means are unable to recover additional oil practically, to viscous oil deposits from which production is limited, and to shale oil deposits.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an alloy composition and the method of treating molten cast iron with such alloy to produce ductile and compacted graphite cast irons. The alloy may contain about 0.1% to about 10% silicon, about 0.05 to about 2.0% cerium and/or other rare earth elements, about 0.5 to about 4% magnesium, about 0.5 to about 6.5% carbon (percent by weight) the balance being iron.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an alloy composition and the method of treating molten cast iron with such alloy to produce ductile and compacted graphite cast irons. The alloy may contain about 0.1% to about 10% silicon, about 0.05 to about 2.0% cerium and/or other rare earth elements, about 0.5 to about 4% magnesium, about 0.5 to about 6.5% carbon (percent by weight) the balance being iron.

Abstract: A process for upgrading crude shale oil containing nitrogen which comprises contacting crude shale oil in a hydrogenation zone with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to remove a selected portion of the nitrogen and then contacting the resulting product with an ion exchange resin to obtain a shale oil of substantially lower nitrogen content.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are disclosed for the production of a solid metallic composition such as ferromagnesium wherein one constituent has a melting point which is above the boiling point of the second constituent. In accordance with the disclosed process, a liquid melt of the first constituent is formed which has an effective depth sufficient to produce a static pressure head in excess of the vapor pressure of the second constituent at the temperature of the melt. The second constituent is then melted and mixed with the first constituent to form a liquid mixture wherein at least a portion of the second constituent is in solution with the first constituent. The mixture is then solidified rapidly to form a solid metallic composition in which a substantial part of the second constituent appears as a dispersion of fine particles of the second constituent in a matrix of the first constituent.