Abstract: Remediation of soil, concrete and groundwater using electropotential gradient induced migration of a target ion and immobilization and/or confinement of the target ion by a host receptor matrix (HRM). In addition to immobilizing and/or confining the target ion, the HRM can comprise a buffer or an ionizable species which releases an exchange ion during application of the electropotential gradient. The exchange ion, when less mobile than a (H.sup.+) ion or hydroxyl (OH.sup.-) ion, increases the efficiency of energy usage during decontamination. The exchange ion can also perform other tasks in the vicinity of the electrodes which improve the decontamination process. The host receptor matrix can comprise a material which is water impermeable and which has a low surface energy, such as a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene film. When such a material is used, the host receptor matrix can comprise a receptacle in which there is a liquid and/or solid composition.

Abstract: Applying a desorbing wave energy to a soil matrix can effect desorption of ionic species which are associated with the matrix. This method is especially applicable to decontamination of soils to which metals and/or radioactive isotopes are adsorbed. The desorbing energy may be microwave energy, sonic or ultrasonic energy, etc., or combinations thereof. An electromagnetic potential also can be applied to the matrix to enhance desorption and or migration of the species. An electrolyte also may be added to the matrix to enhance desorption and or migration of the species.

Abstract: In a vehicle which has a luggage space visible through a hatchback type opening and formed between spaced sidewalls of the vehicle, an easily removable security curtain and support mechanism for the luggage space which is adapted to cover articles within the luggage space in overlying relation thereto. The security curtain includes an elongated strip of flexible material having a width generally equal to the distance between the spaced vehicle walls and with an end edge thereof attached to a rotatable support roller so that the curtain may be wrapped around the roller when in a retracted or stored operative position. The ends of the support roller are attached to the vehicle sidewall and supported thereby by means of cap members on the ends of the roller support in a manner permitting relative rotation therebetween.